<section data-role="outer" class="article135" label="edit by 135editor"><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px; border: 2px dashed rgb(182, 182, 182); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: inherit; max-width: 100%; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); font-family: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">　　<span style="font-size: 16px;">尼龙布印花牢度是其经常遇到的难题，尤其是防水尼龙布上进行涂料印花，其牢度总是难以达到要求的技术问题。它与尼龙布类型及多种因素有关，因此要注意分析不同材料的印刷适性，选择最合适的油墨等材料，注意操作技术，保证印刷效果。</span></section></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; border: 0px rgb(95, 156, 239); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: inherit; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; border-radius: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 0.2em 0.2em 0.1em; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); text-decoration: inherit; font-family: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(1)尼龙布纤维特性与印花牢度的关系。</section></span></fieldset><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">　　与天然纤维不同，尼龙或涤纶纤维均属于合成纤维，它们的基本特点是分子结构十分紧密，吸水性很小或完全不吸水，而且纤维表面非常光滑。因此，涂料印花浆料不能渗入纤维内部，只是粘附在织物纤维表面。其牢度完全取决于胶粘剂(树脂)对纤维表面的粘着力及树脂薄膜本身的机械性能。所以，尼龙或涤纶织物的印花牢度远远赶不上天然纤维。</p><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; border: 0px rgb(95, 156, 239); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: inherit; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; border-radius: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 0.2em 0.2em 0.1em; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); text-decoration: inherit; font-family: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(2)区别分析防水性和拒水性对印花牢度的影响。</section></span></fieldset><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">　　人们在生活中，通常把织物的防水性和拒水性混为一谈。其实在染整技术上，二者是既有联系又有区别的两个不同的概念。所谓拒水性是不沾水之意，如水在荷叶上，可以形成滚动的水珠，这表明荷叶有很强的拒水性。若把尼龙布做拒水整理，它就会具有像荷叶那样的拒水性。所谓防水性是不透水之意，如单面涂胶的尼龙布雨披，倾盆大雨也不能透水。如果把尼龙布既做防水加工，又做拒水整理，就可以得到具有拒水、防水、防风、保暖的多功能产品。通常，防水尼龙布的印花，并不是印在涂胶的一面，而是印在未涂胶一面。所以，防水性对印花牢度影响不大或没有影响，是拒水性影响了印花浆料对纤维表面的粘着力。拒水性越大，影响也就越大。在染整加工中，经常使用的织物拒水整理剂有机硅化合物，恰恰也是一种用来加工脱膜转移印花纸的脱膜剂。可想而知，印花尼龙或涤纶布的拒水性，究竟给它的印花牢度造成了多大的难度。在尼龙布印花中，由于尼龙的品种不一，它们在染整加工中，有的只做了防水，有的只做了拒水，有的既防水又拒水，有的既无防水也无拒水。所以，在印花之前，需进行实际鉴别，以便区别对待，根据织物拒水性的强弱，来确定印花浆料和工艺技术条件的选择。</p><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; border: 0px rgb(95, 156, 239); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: inherit; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; border-radius: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 0.2em 0.2em 0.1em; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); text-decoration: inherit; font-family: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(3)选择合适的印花浆料。</section></span></fieldset><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">　　目前，用作尼龙或涤纶织物印花的浆料，主要有水性印花乳浆和溶剂性印花油墨两大类型。就它们的树脂成分而言，主要是聚丙烯酸酯和聚氨酯。这两类树脂，既可制成水性乳浆，又可制成溶剂性油墨。在工艺应用上，它们又分为单组分和双组分两种。对印花牢度来说，其中溶剂性油墨比水性乳浆要好，聚氨酯比聚丙烯酸酯要好，双组分比单组分要好。由此可见，双组分的溶剂性聚氨酯油墨的牢度最好。当然，在实际生产中，也要考虑劳保和环境的问题。所以，对印花浆料的选择应尽量做到实用而可行。</p><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; border: 0px rgb(95, 156, 239); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: inherit; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; border-radius: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 0.2em 0.2em 0.1em; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); text-decoration: inherit; font-family: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(4)合理选用交联剂。</section></span></fieldset><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">　　交联剂又称架桥剂，通常分为水性和油性两类，它们可以分别与水性乳浆或溶剂性油墨拼混使用。但在实际应用中也并非十分严格，譬如，把油性交联剂和水性乳浆拼用也同样可行而有效。在印花工艺中，交联剂可以自身或与印花树脂发生交联反应，形成庞大的网状结构，从而加强对织物纤维的粘结力，并改善树脂薄膜的机械性能，使印花牢度大幅度提高。单组分的印花浆料，可以直接用作印花，也可以和交联剂一起拼用，而双组分的印花浆料则必须与交联剂一起拼混使用。需要指出，交联剂的用量不宜过大，否则会影响手感，对牢度也没有好处。在使用油性交联剂时，配制好的印花浆墨要即时用完，若时间过去，会使性状变坏，甚至凝结失效。</p><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; border: 0px rgb(95, 156, 239); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: inherit; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; border-radius: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 0.2em 0.2em 0.1em; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); text-decoration: inherit; font-family: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(5)注意工艺技术和印花操作。</section></span></fieldset><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">　　印花行业的生产特点多数是小批量、多品种、多花色，尤其是一些特种印花，产品比较复杂。目前尚缺乏统一的行业标准。对于尼龙织物的印花牢度，一般采用手搓洗和不干胶带法进行试验。手搓洗包括干搓和湿搓(把布定时浸在水中或皂液中，而后进行破坏性搓洗)，观察树脂薄膜是否破裂以及所能耐受的搓洗次数。当前，在一般印花行业的生产中，印花之后的干燥工艺，主要有自然晾干，低温热风烘干和在晾干或烘干后再进行高温焙烘或压烫。这3种工艺中，经晾干或烘干后再进行高温焙烘或压烫的干燥工艺其印花牢度最好，因为高温处理可使水分或溶剂挥发干净，同时使印花浆墨中的各组分充分发生反应，也可使树脂薄膜与织物纤维粘合得更加紧密，这对于提高牢度，尤其是耐搓洗牢度，有着极其重要的作用。需要指出，在进行高温处理时，要严格控制好温度和时间。若温度过高或处理时间太长，会引起白色织物的泛黄或有色织物上染料的热迁移而出现泛色现象，造成对树脂薄膜的损伤，使牢度下降，甚至会把织物熔缩或焦化。所以在正式生产之前须进行各方面的实际试验，来优选印花浆墨，确定合理的工艺技术条件。此外，在印花操作中，印花所使用的台板、网板、刮刀的形状、硬度和压力，不仅影响花形的表面效果，而且对牢度也有一定影响，关键是要控制适当的浆墨用量，以免在织物表面形成的树脂薄膜过厚而影响搓洗牢度。</p><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;"><br></p></section></section>