<section data-role="outer" class="article135" label="edit by 135editor"><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">活性翠蓝与活性嫩黄拼染。其染色易产生三大质量问题：一是色点、色渍、色花；二是色差、缸差；三是湿处理牢度低。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; max-width: 100%; font-family: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一.色点及色花</strong></span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.食盐或纯碱过量或过早加入，将使已溶解的染料凝聚甚至沉淀析出，导致染料在织物表面及纤维内部不能均匀分布，造成色泽不匀，甚至色点、色渍。在常规染色深度范围内，食盐用量不宜超过70g/L。使用正确的加料顺序，即：加入染色助剂（软水剂、匀染剂），走匀；升温至40-50℃，加入染料溶液，充分溶解；先少后多分批加入食盐。切忌染料与食盐一起加入或先加盐后加染料。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2.</span>活性嫩黄对碱敏感，在加碱初期，吸色速率很高，而且是边吸色边固色，移染性差，因此，很容易造成吸色不匀，形成色花。因此吸色时间一定要充分，尽量提高一次吸色率，以降低加碱固色前的染液浓度，有利于减少加碱后染料的凝聚程度。纯碱用量宜少不宜多。因为纯碱对PH值的缓冲能力较强，其浓度在 5-25g/L，PH值在11-11.2，已足以满足染料与纤维发生键合反应的要求。因此，只要根据所染色泽的深浅，保持染后残液的PH值在11左右即可。纯碱用量过多，会使染料凝聚倾向增大。纯碱用量必须是先少后多，分批加入。染浴中可加入1.5-2.0g/L的活性匀染剂，能使染料在盐碱染液中的溶解状态得到明显改善。但用量不宜多，否则会降低上染率。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; max-width: 100%; font-family: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>二．色差及缸差</strong></span></strong></span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; max-width: 100%; font-family: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color:#c00000"><strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 活性翠蓝和活性嫩黄对浸染工艺各相关因素的依附性不同。因此，若制定的染色工艺不合理，或者是未按染色工艺执行，必然会造成活性翠蓝与活性嫩黄的吸色固色率不稳定，从而导致纤维上的蓝、黄染料比例波动，产生色差或缸差。防治方法如下：</span></span></p><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.</span><span style="color: #3E3E3E; font-weight: inherit;">染色温度要稳定在80-85℃。在此温度范围内，活性翠蓝和活性嫩黄的上色同步性最好。高于或低于此温度，染色的重现性都会下降。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2.</span><span style="color: #3E3E3E; font-weight: inherit;">活性翠兰和活性嫩黄对食盐的依附性不同。当染色深度在2%（o.w.f）左右时，食盐用量以50-60g/L为宜。用量过高或过低，都会影响两者的上色同步性。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.</span><span style="color: #3E3E3E; font-weight: inherit;">纯碱浓度直接影响活性翠蓝和嫩黄的吸色固色率（对嫩黄的影响比对翠兰的影响大），必须严格控制纯碱的用量，否则会影响得色深度，降低染色的重现性。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4.</span><span style="color: #3E3E3E; font-weight: inherit;">染色浴比对活性翠蓝与活性嫩黄上染率的影响程度不同（对翠兰的影响大），应严格控制浴比稳定，以保证得色深度和色光稳定性。</span><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5.由于活性嫩黄的一次吸色率比活性翠蓝低的多，而二次吸色速率比活性翠蓝又高的多，因而在不同的染色时间段，颜色的深浅、色光不同。也就是说，活性翠蓝与活性嫩黄对染色时间的依附性较大，需特别注意。因此，在吸色阶段达到吸色平衡的基础上，再适当保温一定时间，不仅有利于匀染透染，而且有利于色光的稳定。碱固色时间要充裕，以确保活性嫩黄和翠兰均能实现相对稳定的最高得色率。活性翠蓝的扩散性很差，反应能力又弱，上色滞后于活性嫩黄，所以，适当延长染色时间，可减少拼色色差和缸差。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6.由于活性翠蓝的直接性比活性嫩黄高，染后易洗涤性相对较差，故需强化皂洗。若皂洗不充分或者皂洗程度不一，不仅会降低湿处理牢度，还会造成明显的缸差。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; max-width: 100%; font-family: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>三.染色湿处理牢度差</strong></span></strong></span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; max-width: 100%; font-family: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#c00000"><b><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></b></font><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 176, 80); font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; max-width: 100%; font-family: inherit;">1.</span>产生原因</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%;">①</span><font color="#3e3e3e">活性翠蓝的相对分子质量较大，缺乏线型结构，扩散性差。尤其在二次吸色过程中，由于染料的吸附速率远远高于扩散速率，导致较多的染料在纤维表面形成重叠性堆积。另外，活性翠蓝的反应性弱，固色率低，纤维上残留的未固着的染料多，而易洗性又较差，造成湿处理牢度低，匀染透染效果差。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></font><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%;">②</span><font color="#3e3e3e">由于活性嫩黄对碱剂非常敏感，在二次吸色的初始阶段，“瞬间上色”现象严重，加之是边吸色边固色，已固着的染料对吸附在纤维表面而未固着的染料的扩散有一定的阻滞作用，造成浮色过多，影响湿处理牢度和匀染性。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></font><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%;">③</span><font color="#3e3e3e">活性翠蓝和活性嫩黄在盐、碱溶液中的溶解稳定性较差，一旦过多或过早地加入食盐和纯碱，很容易产生凝聚，从而严重影响染料的均匀吸附和均匀扩散，造成浮色过多，染色牢度下降。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></font><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 176, 80); font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; max-width: 100%; font-family: inherit;">2</span>．防治方法</span></strong><p></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; max-width: 100%; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">改善活性翠蓝与活性嫩黄拼染艳绿色的湿处理牢度，单就染色工艺而言，可采取以下途径：<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">①改善染料的溶解状态，防止染液中的染料发生凝聚。活性翠兰和活性嫩黄拼染艳绿时，不宜采用预加碱的染色法，更不能采用食盐与纯碱同时加入的染色方法，否则容易造成染料凝聚、沉淀（活性嫩黄的问题最突出），从而引发严重的染色问题。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">②降低染色过程中染料的上染速率（主要是加碱初期）。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">③改善染料的扩散透染效果，提高固色率（主要是活性翠蓝）。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">④强化染后皂洗，减少浮色染料的附着量。绝不能采用“先简单皂洗，再以固色剂固色”的工艺。因为在浮色较多的情况下用固色剂固色，虽然水洗牢度有所改善，但摩擦牢度很差，同时还会影响鲜艳度、日晒牢度，造成染后修色困难。</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;"><br></p></section></section>