<br><div><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　答 在一块洁净的玻璃表面上滴一滴水，水滴很快地在玻璃表面展开。将空气一玻璃界面代之以水一玻璃界面，这种现象说明水能润湿玻璃。若在玻璃表面涂上一层石蜡，则水滴不能在石蜡表面展开，以球状存在于石蜡表面，说明水不能润湿石蜡表面。但如果在石蜡表面滴上含有拉开粉或渗透剂JFC等表面活性剂的水溶液，则石蜡表面便能很快地被润湿了。这种借助表面活性剂来润湿物体的作用称之为润湿作用。但是这种现象不能渗透到玻璃内部，因为玻璃没有毛细管效应，只能产生润湿作用。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　对纺织品而言，如果在坯布上滴上一滴水，水滴呈球状，也属于不润湿。水难以润湿坯布的原因除了纤维中存在空气外，还因为纤维中存在油脂蜡质。如果坯布通过煮练和漂白，则水滴很快在坯布上展开并渗透到纤维内部，把空气取代出去，将空气一纤维界面，取代以溶液一纤维界面。同样未经煮漂的坯布上如滴上几滴渗透剂JFC等渗透剂，则水滴也能在坯布上展开并渗透到坯布的内部。这种借助于表面活性剂使水渗透到物体内部的作用称之为渗透作用。水所以能润湿并渗透到纤维内部是由于纤维是一种多孔物质，有着巨大的表面积，使溶液沿着纤维迅速展开，并由于毛细管作用而进入纤维空隙，把空气取代出去，直到最终被完全润湿。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　润湿作用和渗透作用无本质上的区别。前者作用在物体的表面，而后者作用在物体的内部，二者可使用相同的表面活性剂，因而润湿剂也可称为渗透剂。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></div>