<div><br></div><div><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　答 在印染助剂中渗透剂的用途较广，种类也较多，一般有四种分类方法。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　①按应用工序分类。前处理用渗透剂(包括：退浆用渗透剂、煮练用渗透剂、漂白用渗透剂、丝光用渗透剂、羊毛炭化用渗透剂等)、染色用渗透剂、印花用渗透剂、后整理用渗透剂等。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　②按应用pH值范围分类。耐强碱性渗透剂、耐弱碱性渗透剂、近中性用渗透剂、弱酸性用渗透剂、耐强酸性渗透剂等。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　③按离子型分类。非离子型渗透剂、阴离子型渗透剂、复配型渗透剂等，很少使用两性离子型及阳离子型渗透剂。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　④按原料品种分类。硫酸化蓖麻油、烷基磺酸钠、烷基苯磺酸钠、烷基硫酸酯钠、仲烷基磺酸钠、仲烷基硫酸酯钠、α一烯基磺酸钠、烷基萘磺酸钠、琥珀酸烷基酯磺酸钠、胰加漂T、氨基磺酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚醚、磷酸酯类化合物，以及醇类化合物、酮类、醚类等。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　印染用渗透剂应按工序要求，主要是耐酸、碱要求的不同而加以区别。因此，在染整生产中使用渗透剂时，必须考虑溶液的pH值及无机盐的含量，否则会影响渗透剂的溶解度，严重时，还会使渗透剂分解。例如，在前处理用渗透剂中，有些工艺要求煮练用碱量较高，有的要求耐碱50g／L NaOH，有的要求耐碱在20g／L以下；丝光渗透剂要求耐碱260~280g／L NaOH。在强碱性溶液中，一般非离子型渗透剂不可使用，阴离子型渗透剂一般可用，因为阴离子型表面活性剂相对分子质量小，可溶于强碱溶液中，但带有酯基的如渗透剂T就不能使用，因为碱能使酯发生皂化。在制备助剂时，一定要对各种原料的耐碱性能有所了解。又如染色用渗透剂，由于染色时染浴pH值一般在5～8之间，树脂整理剂中一般pH值偏酸到中性，此类渗透剂可用非离子型及阴离子型。某些羊毛染色及羊毛炭化需要在强酸性溶液中使用，多数非离子型渗透剂可以使用，但对阴离子型渗透剂则多数不能使用，特别是硫酸酯盐类阴离子型渗透剂更不可用。如十二烷基硫酸酯钠加到HCl或H2SO4溶液中，就会分解为十二醇和Na2SO4。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; 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