<br><div><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　答聚乙二醇类非离子型表面活性剂的化学结构式可写成~OCH</span><sub style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 10.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">2</sub><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">CH</span><sub style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 10.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">2</sub><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">OCH</span><sub style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 10.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">2</sub><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">CH</span><sub style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 10.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">2</sub><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">OCH</span><sub style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 10.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">2</sub><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">CH</span><sub style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 10.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">2</sub><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">~，分子链是线型。从其分子排列状态看，无水状态时为锯齿形，水溶液时主要是曲折型，如下图所示。</span></span></p><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><img src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzynd6z801.png" _src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzynd6z801.png" data-ratio="0.5017543859649123" data-w="285" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important; height: auto !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">亲水性的氧原子被置于链的外侧，疏水性的一CH<sub style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 10.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">2</sub>一位于里侧，其整体恰如一个亲水基。醚键中的氧原子与水分子中的氢以微弱的化学力结合，形成氢键，因而增大在水中的溶解度。然而醚键氧原子与水分子的结合是不牢固的，因为氢键结合是松弛的，氢键的键能约为29.26kJ／mol。将聚乙二醇类非离子型表面活性剂的水溶液加热时，随着温度升高，结合的水分子则逐渐脱离，其亲水性也逐渐减弱。接着，急转为不溶于水，以致使开始时的透明溶液变成白色混浊的乳状液，而冷却后又能恢复透明溶液。这种非离子型表面活性剂溶液刚呈现混浊时的温度称为“浊点”。这是非常重要的数据，与表面活性剂的性能有关。聚乙二醇类非离子型表面活性剂在浊点以下溶于水，在浊点以上不溶于水。</span></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　影响浊点的因素大致有四点。</span></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><img src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzynd6z802.png" _src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzynd6z802.png" data-ratio="0.14991482112436116" data-w="587" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 444px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important; height: auto !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><img src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzynd6z803.png" _src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzynd6z803.png" data-ratio="0.6661538461538462" data-w="650" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 444px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important; height: auto !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　上表说明，NaOH对浊点的影响大于中性电解质。在棉织物前处理中，均需在碱性或强碱溶液中进行，而加入非离子型表面活性剂其浊点降低很多，在高温时，往往失去表面活性剂的作用，应设法提高浊点，才能在生产中应用。</span></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　④离子型表面活性剂的影响。在非离子型表面活性剂中加入少量阴离子型表面活性剂可使其浊点升高，其原因是阴离子型表面活性剂分子中疏水基与非离子型表面活性剂的疏水基之间存在的相互引力，促使阴离子型表面活性剂分子在胶束及界面吸附层上插入到非离子型表面活性剂的胶束或分子中，使所形成的胶束表面引入电荷而产生静电作用，胶束问的电势随之增加，各胶束间相互斥力也随之提高，阻碍了聚集相的形成，同时使吸附膜变得比较坚实，温度对它的影响较弱，浊点得以升高。</span></p></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><img src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzynd6z804.png" _src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzynd6z804.png" data-ratio="0.3902439024390244" data-w="656" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 444px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important; height: auto !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">在100℃时显著减弱，因为已超过本身的浊点。同时，在浊点以上，很多乳液稳定性降低，难以获得良好的乳化效果。又如，分散染料高温高压染色用非离子型表面活性剂作匀染剂时，由于染色温度较高，已超过非离子型表面活性剂的浊点，此时，亲油性的染料在不溶于水的表面活性剂液滴中集聚，被吸附到织物纤维上，形成斑点，如果加入合理选择的阴离子型表面活性剂后，可使非离子型表面活性剂的浊点提高到100℃以上。</span></p></section></section><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></div>