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全部资讯   / 凹凸型丝织物设计-利用组织变化

凹凸型丝织物设计-利用组织变化

2014-06-30 16:23:01

<section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  凹凸型丝织物又称高花绸或起泡绸,是一种花纹和组织具有浮雕立体感的绸缎。设计的关键点是:</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  (1)注意表里经(或纬)的比例。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  (2)花纹以块面为主,但面积不能太大,布局要均匀。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  (3)组织结构要采用对比的方法。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  (4)高花织物常为正面上机,因为当织物经过胸梁时不至于将高花压扁。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  凹凸织物从外观来看风格独特,层次分明装饰感强,民族色彩浓郁。生产工艺比较复杂,一般熟织(色织)多于生织,上机张力控制较严,丝线的加工工序较多,后整理的要求也很高。组织结构多采用重组织,常用的为重经、重纬、双层袋织和双层填芯,组织与组织的匠配难度大,纹板轧制复杂。原料使用类型较多,生产加工工艺复杂。从服用上来看,一般适宜装饰用的沙发面料和服装的外衣面料,凹凸织物华贵典雅,深受国内外消费者的欢迎。凹凸丝织物设计方法是:</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  (一)利用组织变化</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  凹凸绸的组织结构,可分为简单凹凸组织和复杂凹凸组织两种,经纬浮背组织是简单凹凸组织的一种,它的组织法通常是经线与纬线在地纹上织成平纹,在花纹上将部分经线或纬线浮于绸背。其余经纬线则在花纹区域内仍然结成平纹或重平纹,使其与地纹组织呼应连接,当成品出水处理后,由于背浮经或背浮纬的收缩作用而使花纹凸起。这种单经单纬的织物,背浮经或背浮纬的浮长不能过大,只能设计小点形纹样和线条形纹样。在设计线条形纹样时,背浮经组织上只能运用横线条和角度较小的斜线条,背浮纬组织上只能是直线条和角度较大的斜线条组成。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  蜂巢组织是另一种简单的凹凸组织,如麦浪纺就是采用蜂巢组织的变化而形成绸面凹凸效果的。麦浪纺地组织以经纬线结成平纹,花纹采用浮经浮纬的蜂巢组织,纹样布局为平纹散点形,上下左右花纹之间互成直角,当成品出水处理后,蜂果花纹中的浮经与浮纬显出不平衡的收缩,使花纹四角产生了有规则的扭皱,并在90°的直角线上相互连接,互相重合,形成了优美整齐的斜方对角形的凹凸绸。利用蜂果组织设计凹凸型丝织物的优点是生厂方便、质地控薄、成平低康、映点是纹样变化不多,凹凸效应的层次和色彩不够丰富多彩。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  复杂凹凸组织的基本组织属于双层袋组织,一般采用两组织和两组纬线互相交织成表、里两层(即面、背两层),并用一定的接结方法构成凹凸绸,在花形凸起的部分用一组经、纬线构成表层,另一组经、纬线构成里层,表、里两层一般互不连接(大花纹有时也需要连接点)而构成袋形,但地组织部分均采用上下接结法,使两层组织交织在一起,当里层经线沿着纹样轮廓而与表纬交织时,表纬被里经压向下方(同时也压向该处的表经),因此表层花纹部分凸起而地纹部分凹陷,这种织物表层和里层组织可用不同的或相同的平纹、斜纹、缎纹、重平纹等组织构成,为了增加牢度和平挺起见,一般运用平纹作为基础组织。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  衬芯组织是形成凹凸绸的另一种形式,这种组织主要利用较粗的经线或纬线编人双层组织之内起着衬垫作用,以使织物表面达到凸起的效应。由于作芯的组织不易通过钢筘,给织造生产造成一定的困难,因此多数织物均采用纬线作芯来设计凹凸型丝织物。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  衬芯组织花纹部分采用一组织经纬线构成表层,另一组经纬构成里层,中央嵌入一组织粗纬作为衬芯_使花纹凸起。地纹部分则将表里两层接结在一起,并将衬芯粗纬接结于绸背,使地纹凹陷,凸纹部分可采用各种组织构成。一般运用浮经较多,以使接结点减少而花纹部分更加凸起,地纹组织一般采用平纹或变化平纹组织,使质地平坦、结实,在地纹部分接结时应特别注意花纹的边缘组织,如处理不当将会发生正反两面都形成凹凸的效果。一般把里纬翻到面层,在花纹边缘将表经压下去,使纹部浮雕轮廓更为清晰而明显,花纹更加凸起,在运用原料和组织设计时,还须掌握使花纹部分(凸起部分)亮于地纹部分的原则,运用这种光线反射的作用,能使绸而光泽明暗交错,层次分明,更能显示出浮雕型的立体效果来(如金星葛)。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  运用衬芯组织设计的凹凸绸,质地浑厚结实,具有弹性,高花久压不瘪,因此极宜制作高级沙发、坐垫、床垫等装饰之用。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  衬心组织还可用于衣着织物,为了达到衣着织物具有轻薄柔软的要求,我们可将粗纬衬芯的一部分嵌人凸纹部分,另一部分使其浮于绸背,在沿花纹边缘处与经丝接结一圈组织点,使芯线固定于织物中不致抽出,成品落机后将衬芯浮背部分沿组织点接结处用剪刀修掉。这样,不仅保持了花纹的立体感,而且质地轻薄,适宜于衣着,这种方法的缺点在于手工劳动较多,工序繁复。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  复杂凹凸组织中还有纬向起高花的纬重组织和经向起高花的经重组织。纬重组织起高花往往是地组织较紧密,花组织由一组纬在表面起花,另一组纬背衬紧密结构,产生收缩,使表面花纹高起,如倍花绸。经重组织起高花与纬重组织起高花原理一样,只是以经向为主,如金雕缎。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">  </p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section>

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