<p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="110474" style="font-size: medium;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex; align-items: center;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 28px; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img class="assistant" src="https://bcn.135editor.com/files/images/editor_styles/444e66ffdc7f8228a20bc61b1c2decc5.gif" data-width="100%" data-ratio="0.8666666666666667" data-w="300" style="vertical-align: inherit; width: 28px; display: block; max-width: 100%;"></section><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(92, 147, 65); padding-right: 15px; margin-left: -6px;"><section style="color: rgb(92, 147, 65); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; background: rgb(247, 253, 240); padding: 4px 15px;"><h1 class="rich_media_title" id="activity-name" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; outline: 0px; font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">阳离子染料的染色影响及因素</span></h1></section></section></section><section style="background: rgb(247, 253, 240); margin-top: -10px;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background: transparent; padding: 25px;"><p hm_fix="355:405" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><br></p><p align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible; font-family: &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">阳离子染料对腈纶的亲和力大，染色时由于吸附快而扩散慢，容易产生染色不匀现象，而一旦产生染色不匀，很难通过延长染色时间的方法纠正。阳离子染料染色时，为得到均匀的染色结果，应适当降低上染速率。影响阳离子染料上染速率的因素除腈纶的种类外，</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; list-style: none; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); visibility: visible; font-family: 宋体, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">　　还有以下几个方面：</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; list-style: none; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); visibility: visible; font-family: 宋体, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="110473" style="font-size: medium;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section style="background: rgb(92, 147, 65); height: 33px; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 33px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px 15px;"><br></section></section><section style="background: rgb(247, 253, 240); padding: 20px; margin-top: -7px;"><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; align-items: flex-end; margin-top: -49px;"><section style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 100%; width: 30px; height: 30px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 35px; margin-left: -35px;"><img class="assistant" src="https://bcn.135editor.com/files/images/editor_styles/587401dcf07f0ae35c402068c555f933.png" data-width="100%" data-ratio="1.24" data-w="50" style="vertical-align: inherit; width: 35px; display: block; max-width: 100%;"></section></section><section class="box-edit _135editor" style="margin-top: 10px;"><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text"></strong></section><p align="center" style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; list-style: none; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; visibility: visible; font-family: 宋体, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.温度</strong></span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; list-style: none; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; font-family: 宋体, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">　　</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">温度是控制匀染的重要因素。腈纶用阳离子染料染色时，在75℃以下上染很少，当染色温度达到纤维的玻璃化温度(75-85℃)时，染料的上染速率迅速增加。因此，当染色温度达到纤维的玻璃化温度时，应缓慢升温，一般每2～4 min升温l℃。也可在85～90℃时保温染色一段时间后，再继续升温至沸。</span></p><p align="center" style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; list-style: none; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; visibility: visible; font-family: 宋体, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">　　2.染浴pH值</strong></span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; list-style: none; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; font-family: 宋体, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">　　</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">染浴中加酸，可抑制腈纶中酸性基团的离解，降低纤维上的阴离子基团的数量，使染料与纤维间的库仑引力减小，染色速率降低。pH值对上染速率的影响以含羧酸基的腈纶更为显著，含磺酸基的腈纶的上染速率受染浴pH值的影响较小。染色时应合理控制染浴的pH值。阳离子染料一般不耐碱，染色的最佳pH值一般为4-4.5，染深色时染浴的pH值可高些，染浅色时应在较低的pH值下进行。染浴的pH值一般用醋酸调节，醋酸既可降低染浴pH值，又能提高染料的溶解度。在染浴中同时加入醋酸钠，可稳定染浴的pH值在要求的范围内。</span></p><p align="center" style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; list-style: none; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; visibility: visible; font-family: 宋体, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">　　3.电解质</strong></span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; list-style: none; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-size: 14px; font-family: 宋体, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">　　</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">在染浴中加入电解质，如元明粉、食盐等，可降低阳离子染料的上染速率，具有缓染作用。电解质对K值1~1.5的染料无明显的缓染作用，对K值3~5的染料有缓染作用。电解质的缓染作用随染色温度的提高丽降低。染浅色时，电解质的用量可高些，约5%～10%(o.w.f.)，染深色时可不加。</span></p><p align="center" style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; list-style: none; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-size: 14px; text-align: center; font-family: 宋体, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">　　4.缓染剂</strong></span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; list-style: none; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-size: 14px; font-family: 宋体, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">　　</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">在阳离子染料染色中常加缓染剂以降低上染速率，得到均匀的染色效果。阳离子染料的缓染剂有阳离子缓染剂和阴离子缓染剂两类。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; list-style: none; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-size: 14px; font-family: 宋体, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">　　阳离子缓染剂是阳离子染料染色最常用的缓染剂，大部分是阳离子表面活性剂，如1227表面活性剂(匀染剂TAN)、1631表面活性剂(匀染剂Ⅳ州)。阳离子缓染剂对腈纶具有亲和力。对于分子较小、与纤维亲和力较小的阳离子缓染剂，由于扩散速率快，染色时首先占据纤维上的染座，等染料阳离子进入纤维后，由于缓染剂与纤维的亲和力小于染料与纤维的亲和力，会逐步被染料所取代，从而使上染速率降低。这类缓染剂用量不能过大，否则会使上染集中在染色后期，反而造成染色不匀。对于分子结构复杂、与纤维亲和力较大的阳离子缓染剂，染色时能与阳离子染料竞染，从而降低阳离子染料的上染速率，但由于阳离子缓染剂会在纤维中占据一定的染色位置，因而使阳离子染料的上染百分率降低。这类阳离子缓染剂用量越高，缓染作用越显著，但染物得色变浅。阳离子缓染剂的用量根据所用染料的性质和浓度而定，对K值小的染料或染浅色时，阳离子缓染剂用量较高，对K值较大的染料或染深浓色时，缓染剂的用量较低。阳离子缓染剂对腈纶也有饱和值，而且与阳离子染料也存在配伍值的问题，对亲和力较高的阳离子染料应采用亲和力较高的阳离子缓染剂。在染色处方中，阳离子缓染剂和阳离子染料的用量之和不应超过纤维的染色饱和值。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; list-style: none; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-size: 14px; font-family: 宋体, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">　　除上述阳离子缓染剂外，还有另外一类阳离子缓染剂，即聚合型阳离子缓染剂，如缓染剂A。这类缓染剂分子较大，聚合度达几百，每个大分子含有几百个阳离子基团，它不可能进入纤维内部，只能覆盖在纤维表面，使阳离子染料与腈纶的库仑引力大大降低，从而降低染料的上染速率。这类缓染剂的缓染能力比阳离子表面活性剂更强，而且不占据纤维中的染座，对腈纶的染色饱和值不产生影响。阴离子缓染剂大多是带负电荷的芳烃磺酸盐，可与阳离子染料结合成溶解度较低的复合物，并借助非离子助剂的分散作用悬浮于染浴中，所形成的复合物对纤维的亲和力较小。染浴中加入阴离子缓染荆后，由于降低了游离的染料阳离子浓度，使染料的上染速率减缓。随着染色温度的提高，复合物逐渐分解，释放出游离的染料阳离子，使上染速率逐渐提高，从而达到匀染的目的。由于复合物的溶解度较低，为避免产生沉淀，在加入阴离子缓染剂的同时，需要加入非离子型表面活性剂。使用阴离子缓染剂，染料上染百分率的降低较用阳离子缓染荆明显。使用阴离子缓染剂后，阳离子染料和阴离子染料可以同浴染色，为腈纶混纺织物用阳离子染料/酸性染料、阳离子染料/活性染料一浴法染色创造了条件。</span></p><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background: transparent; padding: 15px 0px;"><p style="vertical-align: inherit;"><br></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium;"><p style="vertical-align: inherit;"><br></p></section>