<section data-role="outer" class="article135" label="edit by 135editor"><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.6; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">拔色，又称剥色，一般是利用化学反应，破坏纤维上的染料与纤维的结合、破坏纤维上的染料结构，使染料剥离纤维和不能发色。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.6; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">常用的拔色剂主要有两类：还原性拔色剂和氧化性拔色剂。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><strong style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">还原拔色剂</strong></span></strong><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：</span></span><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">常用的有保险粉、雕白粉。它们通过破坏染料分子结构中的发色体系而达到退色和消色的目的。如偶氮结构的染料，其偶氮基可被还原成氨基而不能发色。但还原剂对某些结构染料发色体系的破坏是可逆的，如蒽醌结构的发色体系，因而其退色是可恢复的。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><strong style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><strong style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">氧化拔色剂：</strong></span></strong><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; cursor: text; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">常用的是双氧水和次氯酸钠。氧化剂在一定条件下可以破坏某些组成染料分子发色体系的基团，如使偶氮基分解、氨基氧化、羟基甲基化、络合金属离子脱离等。这些不可逆的结构变化，可导致染料褪色和消色，因而理论上讲，氧化性拔色剂可实现完全拔色，对蒽醌结构的染料采用这类拔色剂，效果尤佳。</span></p></section></section>