<div><br></div><div><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　答 纳米(nm)是一种长度单位，1nm=10-9m，而一根头发丝的直径就有七八万纳米。自从扫描隧道显微镜发明后，世界上便诞生了一门以0.1～1000nm这样尺度为研究对象的前沿学科--“纳米科技”。纳米材料在磁、光、电、热、化学等诸方面，具有普通材料所不具备的特殊性质并显示出重要价值。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　目前，纳米技术在纺织后整理方面的应用，主要集中在抗菌、防臭、抗静电、红外线、紫外线吸收等方面。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　①纳米抗菌、防臭整理。大多数有机抗菌、防臭剂存在耐热性差、易挥发、易分解产生有害物质、安全性较差等缺点，为此人们积极开发研究无机抗菌、防臭剂。以纳米TiO2为主的抗菌、防臭剂被广泛应用于纺织纤维中。纳米TiO2在阳光下尤其在紫外线照射下能自行分解出自由移动的带负电的电子e-)和带正电的空穴(h+)，形成空穴一电子对，吸附溶解在TiO2表面的氧俘获电子形成O2-，而空穴则将吸附在TiO2表面的-OH和H2O，氧化成HO-，所生成的氧原子和氢氧自由基有很强的化学活性，特别是原子氧能与多数有机物反应(氧化)，同时能与细菌内的有机物反应生成CO2和H2O，从而在短时间内就能杀死细菌，消除恶臭和油污。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　②纳米抗静电剂。化纤服装和地毯，由于产生静电，容易吸尘、沾污，一些操作平台、场所最怕因静电产生火花而引起爆炸。利用纳米技术可解决纺织品的静电问题。如将0．1％～0．5％的纳米TiO2、Cr2O3、ZnO、Fe2O3等具有半导体性质微粒掺人树脂中，就会产生良好的抗静电屏蔽性能，制品的表面电阻值可达到108～109Ω，大大提高了抗静电的安全系数。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　③纳米紫外线吸收剂。太阳光对人体有伤害的紫外线主要在300～400nm波段的光波，最近有研究表明，纳米TiO2、ZnO、SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O2等都有在这个波段吸收紫外线的特征，用其少量微粒添加到化纤中，就可防止有害紫外线的辐射。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　④纳米红外线吸收材料。人体释放的红外线大致在4～16nm的中红外波段，在战场上如果不对这一波段的红外线进行屏蔽，就很易被非常灵敏的中红外探测器所发现，尤其在夜间人体安全会受到威胁。某些纳米微粒复合体与高分子化纤结合，对中红外波段有很强的吸收性能，有很好的屏蔽效果。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　⑤其他。如纳米涂层、纳米阻燃纤维、纳米固色剂等。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; 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