<p><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; clear: both; text-align: justify; text-decoration: inherit; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word !important;">从最初的粗衣麻布，发展到今日的高新尖面料，时至今日，纺织面料可谓层出不穷。</p><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">　　对于某一件纺织品，我们又如何知晓它是何种面料，所用何种纤维呢？</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', ?￠èí??oú, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.7em 0px; font-style: inherit; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(63, 71, 78); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(63, 71, 78); font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: inherit;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: italic; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">　　对于绝大多数的纺织纤维来说，采用以下的二种或三种常用方法后都能区别出纤维的类别。</section></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', ?￠èí??oú, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); line-height: 1; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: center; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; border-top-left-radius: 80%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 90%; border-bottom-left-radius: 20%; line-height: 1; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</section></section><span class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); line-height: 1.4; font-size: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bolder; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">手感目测法</section></span></span></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; clear: both; text-align: justify; text-decoration: inherit; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">　　这是最简单、方便的鉴别方法。通过眼看、触摸、耳听等方式从纤维的形态、光泽、强力等方面进行判断。比如，麻纤维手感粗硬，羊毛纤维卷曲而富有弹性，蚕丝是长丝，具有特殊光泽且有“丝鸣”，氨纶弹性极大等等。当然，这种方法准确性差，检测人员需要有丰富的检测经验。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', ?￠èí??oú, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); line-height: 1; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: center; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; border-top-left-radius: 80%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 90%; border-bottom-left-radius: 20%; line-height: 1; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">２</section></section><span class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); line-height: 1.4; font-size: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bolder; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">燃烧法</section></span></span></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; clear: both; text-align: justify; text-decoration: inherit; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">　　根据纤维的化学组成不同，燃烧特征也不同，通过观察纺织纤维在接近火焰、火焰中以及离开火焰时的燃烧特征、气味以及残留物进行判断。依据此方法，大致可以将纺织纤维分为纤维素类纤维、蛋白质类纤维和合成纤维三类。比如，棉、麻、粘纤、莫代尔、莱赛尔、铜氨纤维等纤维素类纤维，接近火焰时不熔不缩，燃烧时有烧纸味；羊毛、桑蚕丝、柞蚕丝等蛋白质类纤维，燃烧时有烧毛发的气味；涤纶燃烧时伴有黑烟，气味发甜；腈纶燃烧时气味辛辣；锦纶燃烧时具有氨基味；而醋纤燃烧时有比较明显的醋酸味等等。这种方法适用于单一组分的纤维、纱线和织物，对于混纺产品，可以作为一种辅助性的判断方法。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', ?￠èí??oú, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); line-height: 1; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: center; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; border-top-left-radius: 80%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 90%; border-bottom-left-radius: 20%; line-height: 1; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">３</section></section><span class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); line-height: 1.4; font-size: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bolder; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">显微镜法</section></span></span></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; clear: both; text-align: justify; text-decoration: inherit; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">　　这是最广泛采用的一种方法，根据各种纤维的纵、横向形态特征来鉴别纤维。比如，棉有天然转曲，麻有横节竖纹，羊毛有鳞片，兔毛有单列或多列毛随，蚕丝有特殊光泽，粘纤纵向有清晰条纹，莫代尔纵向有沟槽，莱赛尔纵向光滑均匀，涤纶表面光滑，有的有小黑点，腈纶表面有沟槽或条纹等等。这种方法不仅适用于纯纺产品，也同样适用于混纺和交织产品，依据各种纤维的典型特征，准确将其区分开。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', ?￠èí??oú, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); line-height: 1; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: center; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; border-top-left-radius: 80%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 90%; border-bottom-left-radius: 20%; line-height: 1; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">４</section></section><span class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); line-height: 1.4; font-size: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bolder; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">溶解法</section></span></span></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; clear: both; text-align: justify; text-decoration: inherit; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">　　因为纤维的化学成分不同，所以对于相同的化学溶剂来说，其溶解性能是不同的。对于那些难以区分的纤维，不妨采用这种方法再加以判断。比如，对于难区分的涤纶和锦纶，一滴盐酸即可；腈纶和涤纶，一滴硝酸就行。</section></fieldset></p><p><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; clear: both; text-align: justify; text-decoration: inherit; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section></fieldset></p><p><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; clear: both; text-align: justify; text-decoration: inherit; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section></fieldset></p>