<p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　筒子纱染色损耗小、质量高、交货快、效益好。然而涤纶筒子纱染色工艺复杂，影响因素较多且难以控制，稍有疏忽，容易造成色花。笔者根据多年的工作经验，探讨了涤纶纱线染色中的色花问题。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="127227" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: flex; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(149, 215, 255); border-radius: 5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 245, 247); border-radius: 5px; transform: rotate(2deg) translate(-3px, -3px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 25px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(46, 39, 52); transform: rotate(-2deg); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">色花的影响因素及其控制</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: -5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; flex-shrink: 0; z-index: 9; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 20px; transform: translateX(-30px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　(1)松筒涤纶筒子纱染色前先进行松筒，松筒首选不锈钢弹簧管。其优点是有效穿透面积特别大，对获得匀染非常有利；可自由压缩，对不同数量批号的订单有极强的适应能力。筒纱的卷绕密度大小是很重要的。考虑到染色机械泵的扬程高度，涤纶筒纱的卷绕密度以0．33～0．39 g／cm3为宜。卷绕太紧，染液难以穿透很厚的纱层，局部因接触染料太少而得色偏浅，造成色花或色圈等染疵；卷绕太松，筒纱容易变形脱落，造成乱纱，难以上机。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　(2)前处理前处理的目的是去除涤纶纱线在纺纱和松筒等人缸染色前工序中沾污在纱线上的油剂，通常采用德美净338 lg／L，再加纯碱3 g／L，于80℃条件下处理20 min。必须注意前处理后一定要清洗干净，否则容易造成染花疵病。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　(3)染料的选择高温高压染色应尽量选用分子量小、分散性优良的染料，国产分散红E-4B、黄E-3RL、蓝E-4R是一组很匹配的低温型染料组合，能拼出大部分常见的色谱体系。考虑到关于禁止使用含有致癌物质染料的限制，采用分散黄SE-4RL代替分散黄E-3RL也能获得满意的染色效果。对于升华牢度要求特别高的产品，需用高温型分散染料，常选用红S-5BL、橙S-4RL、蓝S-3BG，可以拼出大部分颜色，成本也相对较低，但需加大分散剂的用量，否则会形成染料聚集，造成染斑，难以去除。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　(4)助剂的选择选择匀染剂要求泡沫小，高温分散性好，移染性强。德美匀318可以防止筒子纱表里色差造成的色花，通常用量为0．5～1 g／L。筒子纱染色对水质要求极高，螯合分散剂R—DL对水中的Ca2+、M92+具有很强的螯合能力，通常用量为0．5～1 g／L，既可降低水的硬度，又可增加染料的分散能力，防止染料聚集在纱线上形成染斑。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　(5)pH值染浴pH值以控制在4．5～5最好。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　(6)液流的控制液流方向的控制取决于泵的压力大小。一般采用正循环3 min，反循环4 min的方式进行染色，其筒纱表里颜色基本一致。立信CCS-4型高温高压筒子纱染色机打半自动键能自行控制染液的循环方向，也能达到满意的染色效果。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　(7)升温速度的控制染色温度在85℃以下时，染料很少上染，可直接升温。85～110℃是上染速度增加最快的区域，需要严格控制升温速度在1．5℃／min以下；115～130℃范围内可控制在2℃／min左右。高温高压筒子纱染色的升温曲线如下：</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/image.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2023-05-26T01%3A15%3A54Z%2F-1%2F%2F67f050b078dbc66120650a8dc1723471c5fd1f3404a230d95c81c8c66dd0683b" data-filename="" style="width: 1017px;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br></span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　130℃保温40 min是对中深色而言，浅色可适当缩短，深色可适当延长。保温时间要适宜，太短会产生环染现象，太长易产生毛丝。染色完毕后降温要快，因为在缓慢的降温过程中会产生齐聚物，若残留在纱线表面难以去除。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　(8)还原清洗还原清洗可以洗掉吸附在纱线表面的分散染料，使染色牢度得到保证，还可以去除染色过程中吸附在纱线表面的其他物质，减少染斑。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="127227" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: flex; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(149, 215, 255); border-radius: 5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 245, 247); border-radius: 5px; transform: rotate(2deg) translate(-3px, -3px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 25px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(46, 39, 52); transform: rotate(-2deg); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">色花的回修</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: -5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; flex-shrink: 0; z-index: 9; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 20px; transform: translateX(-30px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　涤纶筒子纱染色色花一般都能回修。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　回修的方法是，于高温条件下借助于匀染剂的移染作用使染料从深色区域向浅色区域转移。修补剂L具有高效分散作用是一种低泡型移染能力特强的匀染剂，用量加大至3～5 g／L可用作回修色花，成功率可达95％以上。我们曾将不同颜色的色纱混装在一起，用修补剂L 5 g／L，加酸调节pH值至5左右，于135℃处理60 min。然后检查各筒子纱之间的色差，几乎难以分辨。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section>