<p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6; font-size: 20px; background-color: rgb(136, 136, 136); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1. 液氨加工方法及其原理</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">液氨挥发性极强，沸点为-33.4℃，具有中等的介电常数、高的偶极矩、较高的碱性和生成氢键的能力。加工时，棉织物在低于该温度下半封闭的连续设备内浸润，技术难度较大。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">液氨的密度、黏度和表面张力都远低于水，因而极易渗入到纤维内部甚至中等侧序区域，与纤维素大分子生成氨纤维素复合物，从而破坏纤维素大分子间的氢键网格，加剧分子链的运动，使纤维大分子取向度下降，纤维晶格发生一定程度的溶胀和拆散，最终导致纤维结晶度下降。将纤维素Ⅰ浸入液氨或有机胺中，然后将溶剂蒸发得到的为低温变体纤维素Ⅲ。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纤维素Ⅲ具有不稳定性，表现在纤维素Ⅲ用热水或稀酸处理后会还原为原来的纤维素Ⅰ，这一点与浓碱处理得到的纤维素Ⅱ不同。液氨对纤维素纤维的溶胀程度较小，经液氨处理后纤维素纤维的结晶度下降程度比浓碱处理的要低，大孔径的微孔少，内微孔的孔径分布向小孔径方向偏移，孔径小而均匀。所以，液氨处理对纤维素的改性，是通过物理化学的作用使纤维素分子发生膨润，使棉纤维的聚集态结构、形态结构和性能发生变化。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 20px; background-color: rgb(136, 136, 136); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2. 液氨加工对纤维性能的影响</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">液氨整理后纤维的天然转曲基本消除，截面变圆、内腔变小、表面平滑且光泽感强、结晶结构略显疏松、晶粒大小更加均匀、原纤的间隔均化。纤维素结构的变化导致了其性能的改变，主要表现在纤维及织物的洗涤收缩率变小、不易起皱、单根纤维的回弹性增强、强度提高、柔软性变好、光泽感明显、保水性降低（即快干性提高）等。液氨加工克服了其它抗皱整理加工方法的诸多缺点，使纤维素纤维的性能得到全面提升，并具有明显的“形状记忆性”，是多年来纤维素改性的一个重大突破。</p>