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丝光技术（一）

2022-09-27 08:50:53

<section data-role="outer" class="article135" label="edit by 135editor"><section data-id="85816" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section label="Copyright © 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 10px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 30px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一、前言：</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">麦瑟氏（Ｍercer）最初发明的丝光棉，是以强苛性钠在无张力的情况下进行棉织物的处理，主要目的是要增加棉纤的强度（Strength）及对染料之亲和力（Affinity）。直到半世纪以后，才在碱性处理时，将张力加诸于棉织物上，因此，产生了具有光泽的织物。</span></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">丝光工程（Mercerizing Process），不管是否在有张力情况下进行，都会增加棉织物的化学活性(Chemical Reactivity)，使纤维更易于吸收染料及适应各种化学整理。最近，我们发现在某些情况下，棉织物经丝光处理，主要的目的是要改进其对染料的亲和力和化学活性。对某些织品而言，丝光工程造成的改良，只有改善染料的亲和力和棉的化学活性，对于织品的一般外观并没有太大的影响。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">谨慎的控制丝光工程，可以建立一定程度的稳定性。在许多情况下，这种稳定度的重要性，几乎与增加对染料的亲和力相当。增加稳定性可使织物在防缩处理后，有较佳的产量。因此，丝光化工程就是为了获得适当的稳定度，所必经的过程。</span></section><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">总之，目前进行丝光工程，计有以下的目的：</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(2, 30, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1. 增加对染料的亲和力。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(2, 30, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2. 增加化学活性。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(2, 30, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3. 增加稳定性。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(2, 30, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4. 增加抗张强度。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(2, 30, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5. 光泽。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(2, 30, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6. 织物的平滑度。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">由于丝光工程同时运用于布匹及纱线，所以许多相同的原理和技术，亦同时应用在布匹及纱线的丝光工程上。我们将先讨论布匹的丝光工程，然后，就两种处理过程再深入探讨一些基本的差异。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><section data-id="85816" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section label="Copyright © 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 10px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 30px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二、布匹的丝光工程：</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">布匹的丝光工程必须先做的决定是选择织物在原胚或已前处理、或部份已前处理的状态下，来进行丝光工程。由于没有一种做法均能用于上述三种状态，所以织物可以在原胚的情况下，不论是预先退浆或精练后或经精练及漂白后，都可以不需任何处理就进行丝光工程。</span></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关于在丝光工程之前，物料是否需要前处理的抉择，则需视物料的种类、特殊的厂房设备，以及对丝光织物成品的需求而定。理论上，对大部份工厂而言，如果是进行原胚的丝光化，其操作应该是最简单的，那是因为可省掉烘干或特殊的前处理。然而，由于有大量的杂质被带入碱液中，这些杂质就会阻扰丝光工程或碱液的回收。但是，在理想的情况之下，原胚经丝光工程处理后，会呈现令人满意的光泽以及对染料的亲和力，并增强韧性（Strength）与其它优良的性质。所以，在进行原胚的丝光工程中，为了获得满意的结果，就必须在碱液中加入<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(2, 30, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">强渗透剂</span>。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">原胚的丝光化或原胚再经退浆处理或已精练的棉的丝光化，它们各自的光泽、韧度、化学活性及对染料的亲和力，并不能帮助我们选择优劣。这个抉择只能由制造机器的便利性、碱液回收设备以及烘干设备的效用上，予以严格的评估后再决定。物料在丝光工程前，可能已经完全精练和漂白并有许多制造机配合这套设备操作。一般说来，假设所有丝光处理过程均控制在最佳情况下，那么物料在精练及漂白后进行丝光工程，会比进行丝光工程前只有漂白的物料，呈现出较佳的光泽及平滑的外观。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">已漂白物料的丝光处理，有一可能的缺点，即过度漂白的不良影响，不会在正常情况下表现出来，但却会在物料经过丝光处理后表现出来。任何过度漂白的纤维在碱液中，都会被溶解掉些许，同时会有一定程度的抗张强度受到破坏。  </span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一般说来，<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">不同的丝光化预处理（Pretreatment）并不会造成产品间太大的差异</strong>。假如丝光化的主要目的是极佳的光泽和平滑感，那么全套到漂白的预处理当然是最好的。假如一定要保持最大的抗张强度，那么漂白应该在丝光化之后进行为宜。  </span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">所有的棉，不论干湿、原胚或已漂白者，都应该展开来平滑地送入丝光碱液中。皱褶(Wrinkles)特别是发生在厚棉织品上，都会在后来的染色成品上显现痕迹。因此，在棉要放入碱液之前，应该施予一些张力，以防止起皱。假如是湿棉要进行丝光化，那么应该先将它们送经辊轮（Mangle），使水份含量均匀些。通常，水份含量是越少越好，要获得最好的丝光效果，应在进入碱液前将棉烘干。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">当我们思虑着那种设备最适合苛性钠浸渍，在丝光化时，我们就应该注意棉与碱液间发生了什么反应。当棉在很干燥，可作为吸收剂的情况时，其与苛性钠接触后，氢氧化钠会被吸入每一纤维中，然后纤维会因为氢氧化钠吸水而胀大。胀大的棉纤维变得具有可塑性，可以任意改变形状。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(2, 30, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">丝光化作用是瞬间产生的</span>，丝光化有一个时间因子，即使是很小的因子，也不能忽略。少量的碱液挤压到纤维中是不够的，苛性钠必须确实地与棉纤维反应。假如纤维是吸收剂，挤压或加压不会加速反应。棉若并非干燥状态下进入碱液的话，丝光化会需要较长的时间，原因是要等到棉中的水份有一部份被碱液置换时，真正的丝光化作用才会发生。</span></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">显然地，<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">选择浸渍设备要花很多时间</strong>。我们知道，当棉完全充满碱液时，丝光化作用的产生，不再需要棉浸渍碱液中，所以，我们只要有一个够长的贮槽，足够使棉能充满碱液就可以了。假如棉正处于完全乾燥的吸收剂状态，并且在上纱架后到水洗前有足够的时间，那么有一个很简单的压吸操作，即一次浸入碱浴的程序。然而，倘若棉中含水份，碱液就会因这一浸碱的操作而被水稀释了，而真正的碱液浓度只有原先的二分之一到三分之一。因此，假使棉是含水份进入丝光化碱液槽中，其浸渍设备一定要够长或足够深，这样才能使离开碱液后的棉完全饱和，且碱度与碱浴中的碱度相同。正常情况下，湿的棉要进行丝光化，其浸渍槽应设计数个能让棉通到碱液的入口，并将强碱自其对面注入。棉与碱液间接触的正确时间，无法完全得知，<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(2, 30, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">大约30秒</span>就可以了。虽然较长的接触时间或较长的贮槽，都不会有害处，但就经济性及保护的问题而言，都是不利的。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><section data-id="85816" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section label="Copyright © 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 10px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 30px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">三、丝光压力：</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">棉离开浸碱设备后的挤压量是非常重要的。缺乏对这个因素的认识是造成无法得到丝光化所有优点的主要原因之一。一般而言，大部分的工厂操作是棉离开丝光化碱液时，含碱液的量越少越好；在某些情况下，常需要设置重型的压吸滚筒，并调节到使棉中含碱量降到 60 %。工厂管理者认为高的压浆压力，有助于在节省碱液的消耗和改进后来棉在张布机（Tenterframe）上的清洗这两方面的效益。低的含碱量的确表示碱消耗较少及易于清洗，但在许多情况下，也暗示可能造成丝光化不完全、稳定度不够、光泽较差、或三者兼俱的后果。</span></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">当碱处理后的棉以可塑状态存在时，每一个纤维附近都要有一定量的碱液，以便纤维改变形状时，提供适当的润滑之用。我曾经参观过许多工厂，它们的棉在离开碱液时，都会带出极少量的氢氧化钠，这样可以不必担心在拉宽的过程中，会造成裂缝。将要离开碱液的棉之适当含碱量，我们并不确知，通常这个含量<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(2, 30, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">至少是 100 ％的棉重</span>。对许多操作及某些光泽要求很好的轻质织品来说，棉离开碱浴时，必须已被碱液所沾湿。由试误法，调节对即将离开碱液的棉的压力，可与张布机（Frame）操作相衔接，这样就可以获得最佳的丝光化效果。这种操作法在每一工厂实行时，必须先对一系列物料进行试验。</span></section><p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><section data-id="85816" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section label="Copyright © 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 10px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 30px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">四、碱液浓度：</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">大部份布匹丝光化是在  <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(2, 30, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">28~31 Be`</span>的碱液浓度内进行的。虽然也有一些在 19~22 Be`下操作,目的只在于改善对染料之亲和力.我们的经验是 28~31 Be`的范围，最能适用于大部份的情况，高过 31 Be`的碱度不会增加光泽或改善其它的特性，低于 28 Be`的碱度则会减少光泽并造成较差的外观。28~31 Be`的范围特别好的原因是，当有温度变化或碱液中有杂质时，这个范围仍能提供不错的效果，除非温度变化得太大或杂质太多时，才会对成品造成影响。通常，我们建议工厂将碱度设定在 29~30 Be`的范围内，由控制技术及成品效果的观点来看，这个标准都是令人满意的。倘若有任何工厂采用了这个标准范围，只要将特威得耳计（Twaddel）就此标准调高或调低点，则在最后的结果中，不会有任何的差异。此外，由气候引起的温度变化亦不影响此碱度范围内操作的丝光作用。</span></p><section data-id="85816" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section label="Copyright © 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 10px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 30px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">五、温度效应：</strong></section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(2, 30, 170); font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(2, 30, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">多年以来，碱液的温度效应一直深深地被误解著，许多的工厂都相当重视碱液的温度控制，其实从花费或品质的观点来看，都是不当的。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">实际上，许多做丝光化的工厂的碱液只配备冷却系统。只在近几年来才有许多工厂舍弃了冷却设备。事实上，假如一家工厂使用28~31 Be`范围内的碱液，那么较大的温度变化也不会引起丝光化最终产物的任何变异。经由实际操作及适当控制下所做的研究显示，在28~31 Be`范围内的碱液，对于70 ~ 100 ℉（21 ~ 38 ℃）的温度变化，不会有任何差异，一旦温度超过110℉ （43℃），则得到的丝光化成品的光泽，很明显的有较差的现象。当温度降到70 ℉（21℃）以下时，却并没有任何明显的改善，因此对大量碱液提供冷却设备，无疑是种浪费。然而，对浓度较低的碱液而言，其温度效应特别值得注意。假使使用一个19 Be`的碱液，些微的温度变化就会造成织物外观及对染料的亲和力二者明显的差异。25~27 Be`的碱液，恰亦于低碱及高碱液范围之间，因此，温度所允许的变异亦恰在其间。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">或许对于温度在丝光化中的误解是源自麦塞氏那份最早的尃利中所指出的观念，即弱苛性钠如要得到满意的丝光化，就必须冷却碱液。目前就有许多工厂的碱液浴被设计为不使碱液温度升得太高。某些特殊的情况下，物料在小浴碱液中进行丝光化，其温度会超过100 ℉（38℃）。倘改将物料烘干或改用大浴碱液，或者是将刚配制的碱液予以完全冷却，任一种方法都可以解决温度过高的问题。所谓的热丝光化处理是很有趣的，它是将浸碱液的布在压力下加热到沸点以上。因为将做丝光化的棉，在接触到升温中的碱液之初，不会造成物性和化性的改变，当织物去除压力供给，并予以冷却后，进入傅统的丝光化后才会改变其物性及化性。因此，热丝光化只是进行碱液精练之前的丝光化。这种处理的另一个优点，是由于碱液温度的升高而增加了碱液渗透到棉中的量。不过，在常温下添加化学渗透剂到碱液中，也可以获得同样的效果。</span></p></section>

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