<section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="109677"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: inline-block;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); padding: 5px 19px 5px 7px;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;"><section style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: #8cb7f6;background: linear-gradient(to bottom,rgba(254,254,254,0) 0%,rgba(254,254,254,0) 80%,#fff09e 80%,#fff09e 100%);"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;"><strong>0</strong><strong class="autonum" data-original-title="" title="" data-num="2">2</strong></p></section><section class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="letter-spacing: 1.5px; color: rgb(140, 183, 246); margin-left: 17px;"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">织物的缩水率</p></section></section></section><section style="display: flex;margin: 3px 0 -3px 0;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 100%; border-top: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-right: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); overflow: hidden; transform: skewY(50deg);"></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0 2.5px 0 2.5px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 100%; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); overflow: hidden; transform: skew(40deg);" data-width="100%"></section></section></section><section style="background-color: rgb(239, 245, 254); padding: 35px 15px 20px; border-radius: 10px; margin: -18px 0px 0px 5px;"><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 10px 10px 15px;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; color: rgb(82, 82, 82); background: transparent;"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　织物的缩水率是指织物在洗涤或浸水后织物收缩的百分数。缩水是纺织品在一定状态经过洗涤、脱水、干燥等过程发生长度或宽度变化的一种现象。缩水程度涉及不同种类的纤维、织物的结构、织物加工时所受之不同外力作用等等。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　缩水率最小的是合成纤维及混纺织品，其次是毛织品、麻织品、棉织品居中，丝织品缩水较大，而最大的是粘胶纤维、人造棉、人造毛类织物。客观的讲，全棉面料多少都存在着缩水褪色的问题，关键是后面的整理。所以一般家纺的面料都是经过预缩处理。值得注意的是经过预缩处理不等于不缩水，而是指缩水率控制在国标3%-4%以内衣料尤其是天然纤维的衣料会缩水。因此，在选购衣料时，除了对织物的质量、色泽、花型进行挑选外，对织物的缩水率也应当有所了解。</p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="109691"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;transform-style: preserve-3d"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;display: flex;align-items: flex-end;margin-bottom: -4px;transform: translateZ(10px);-webkit-transform: translateZ(10px);-moz-transform: translateZ(10px);-ms-transform: translateZ(10px);-o-transform: translateZ(10px);"><section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0 -13px 0 -8px;transform: translateZ(9px);-webkit-transform: translateZ(9px);-moz-transform: translateZ(9px);-ms-transform: translateZ(9px);-o-transform: translateZ(9px);"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); padding: 4px 13px;"><section style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; color: rgb(140, 183, 246); padding: 0px 5px;"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" hm_fix="323:410">1、纤维及织缩的影响</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: flex; padding-top: 4px;"><section style="width: 3px; height: 100%; border-top: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-right: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); overflow: hidden;"></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 4px;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 3px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-left: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-image: initial; border-top: none; overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"></section></section></section><section style="flex-shrink: 0;margin-top: -6px;transform: translateZ(8px);-webkit-transform: translateZ(8px);-moz-transform: translateZ(8px);-ms-transform: translateZ(8px);-o-transform: translateZ(8px);"><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="vertical-align:inherit;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　纤维本身吸水后，会产生一定程度的溶胀。通常纤维的溶胀都是各向异性的（锦纶除外），即长度缩短，直径增大。通常把织物下水前后的长度差与其原长的百分比称为缩水率。吸水能力越强，溶胀越剧烈，缩水率越高，织物的尺寸稳定性越差。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　织物本身的长度与所使用的纱（丝）线长度是不同的，通常用织缩率来表示两者的差异。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　织缩率（%）=[纱（丝）线长度-织物长度]/织物长度</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　织物在下水后，由于纤维本身的溶胀，使织物长度进一步缩短，产生缩水率。织物的织缩率不同，其缩水率的大小就不同。织物本身的组织结构及织造张力不同，其织缩率就不同。织造张力小，织物紧密厚实，织缩率大，织物的缩水率就小；织造张力大，织物就疏松轻薄，织缩率小，织物的缩水率就大。在染整加工中，为了降低织物的缩水率，常采用预缩整理的方式来加大纬密，预先提高织缩率，从而降低织物的缩水率。</p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="109691"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;transform-style: preserve-3d"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;display: flex;align-items: flex-end;margin-bottom: -4px;transform: translateZ(10px);-webkit-transform: translateZ(10px);-moz-transform: translateZ(10px);-ms-transform: translateZ(10px);-o-transform: translateZ(10px);"><section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0 -13px 0 -8px;transform: translateZ(9px);-webkit-transform: translateZ(9px);-moz-transform: translateZ(9px);-ms-transform: translateZ(9px);-o-transform: translateZ(9px);"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); padding: 4px 13px;"><section style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; color: rgb(140, 183, 246); padding: 0px 5px;"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" hm_fix="319:402">2、缩水产生的原因：</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: flex; padding-top: 4px;"><section style="width: 3px; height: 100%; border-top: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-right: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); overflow: hidden;"></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 4px;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 3px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-left: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-image: initial; border-top: none; overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"></section></section></section><section style="flex-shrink: 0;margin-top: -6px;transform: translateZ(8px);-webkit-transform: translateZ(8px);-moz-transform: translateZ(8px);-ms-transform: translateZ(8px);-o-transform: translateZ(8px);"><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="vertical-align:inherit;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　(1) 纤维在纺纱时，或纱线在织造及染整时，织物中之纱线纤维受外力作用而伸长或变形，同时纱线纤维及织物结构产生内应力，在静态干松弛状态，或静态湿松弛状态，又或在动态湿松弛状态、全松弛状态下，不同程度内应力之释放，使纱线纤维及织物回复至初始状态。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　(2) 不同的纤维及其织物，其缩水程度都不同，主要取决于其纤维的特性-亲水性纤维的缩水程度较大，例如棉、麻、粘胶等纤维；而疏水性纤维的缩水程度较少，例如合成纤维等。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　(3) 纤维在润湿状态时，因浸液的作用下产生膨化，令纤维直径变大，如在织物上，迫使织物之交织点之纤维曲率半径增加，引致织物长度缩短。例如棉纤维在水的作用下膨化，横截面积增大40~50%，长度增加1~2%，而合成纤维则对热收缩，如沸水收缩等，一般5%左右。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　(4) 纺织纤维受热条件下，纤维的形态及尺寸发生变化及收缩，降温后亦不能回复到初始状态，称为纤维热收缩。而热收缩前与热收缩后的长度百分比称为热收缩率，一般以沸水收缩测试，在100℃沸水中，纤维长度收缩的百分率作表示；亦有用热空气方式，在超过100℃的热空气中测其收缩的百分率，亦有用蒸气方式，在超过100℃的蒸气中测其收缩的百分率。纤维因内部结构及受热温度、时间等不同条件下表现亦不同，例如加工涤纶短纤的沸水收缩率为1%，维纶沸水收缩率为5%，氯纶热空气收缩率为50%。纤维在纺织加工及其织物的尺寸稳定性有著密切的关系，为后工序之设计提供一些依据。</p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="109691"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;transform-style: preserve-3d"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;display: flex;align-items: flex-end;margin-bottom: -4px;transform: translateZ(10px);-webkit-transform: translateZ(10px);-moz-transform: translateZ(10px);-ms-transform: translateZ(10px);-o-transform: translateZ(10px);"><section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0 -13px 0 -8px;transform: translateZ(9px);-webkit-transform: translateZ(9px);-moz-transform: translateZ(9px);-ms-transform: translateZ(9px);-o-transform: translateZ(9px);"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); padding: 4px 13px;"><section style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; color: rgb(140, 183, 246); padding: 0px 5px;"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" hm_fix="322:404">3、一般面料的缩水率为：</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: flex; padding-top: 4px;"><section style="width: 3px; height: 100%; border-top: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-right: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); overflow: hidden;"></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 4px;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 3px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-left: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-image: initial; border-top: none; overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"></section></section></section><section style="flex-shrink: 0;margin-top: -6px;transform: translateZ(8px);-webkit-transform: translateZ(8px);-moz-transform: translateZ(8px);-ms-transform: translateZ(8px);-o-transform: translateZ(8px);"><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="vertical-align:inherit;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　棉4%--10%；</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　化纤4%--8%；</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　棉涤3.5%--5 5%；</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　本色白布为3%；</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　毛蓝布为3-4%；</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　府绸为3-4.5%；</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　花布为3-3.5%；</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　斜纹布为4%；</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　劳动布为10%；</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　人造棉为10%。</p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="109691"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;transform-style: preserve-3d"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;display: flex;align-items: flex-end;margin-bottom: -4px;transform: translateZ(10px);-webkit-transform: translateZ(10px);-moz-transform: translateZ(10px);-ms-transform: translateZ(10px);-o-transform: translateZ(10px);"><section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0 -13px 0 -8px;transform: translateZ(9px);-webkit-transform: translateZ(9px);-moz-transform: translateZ(9px);-ms-transform: translateZ(9px);-o-transform: translateZ(9px);"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); padding: 4px 13px;"><section style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; color: rgb(140, 183, 246); padding: 0px 5px;"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" hm_fix="329:403">4、影响缩水率的原因</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: flex; padding-top: 4px;"><section style="width: 3px; height: 100%; border-top: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-right: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); overflow: hidden;"></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 4px;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 3px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-left: 1px solid rgb(140, 183, 246); border-image: initial; border-top: none; overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"></section></section></section><section style="flex-shrink: 0;margin-top: -6px;transform: translateZ(8px);-webkit-transform: translateZ(8px);-moz-transform: translateZ(8px);-ms-transform: translateZ(8px);-o-transform: translateZ(8px);"><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 2px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(253, 234, 131); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 2px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="vertical-align:inherit;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　<strong>1、原材料</strong></p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　织物的原材料不同，缩水率不同。一般来说，吸湿性大的纤维，浸水后纤维膨胀，直径增大，长度缩短，缩水率就大。如有的粘胶纤维吸水率高达13%，而合成纤维织物吸湿性差，其缩水率就小。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　<strong>2、密度</strong></p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　织物的密度不同，缩水率也不同。如经纬向密度相近，其经纬向缩水率也接近。经密度大的织品，经向缩水就大，反之，纬密大于经密的织品，纬向缩水也就大。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　<strong>3、纱支粗细</strong></p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　织物纱支粗细不同，缩水率也不同。纱支粗的布缩水率就大，纱支细的织物缩水率就小。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　<strong>4、生产工艺</strong></p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　织物生产工艺不同，缩水率也不同。一般来说，织物在织造和染整过程中，纤维要拉伸多次，加工时间长，施加张力较大的织物缩水率就大，反之就小。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　<strong>5、纤维成分</strong></p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　天然植物纤维（如棉、麻）和植物再生纤维（如粘胶）与合成纤维（如涤纶、腈纶）相比，容易吸湿膨胀，因此缩水率较大，而羊毛则是由于纤维表面的鳞片结构而容易毡化，影响其尺寸稳定性。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　<strong>6、织物结构</strong></p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　一般情况下，机织物的尺寸稳定性要优于针织物；高密度织物的尺寸稳定性要优于低密度的。在机织物中，一般平纹织物的缩水率小于法兰绒织物；而针织物中，平针组织的缩水率又小于罗纹织物。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　<strong>7、生产加工过程</strong></p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　由于织物在染色、印花、后整理过程中，不可避免的会受到机器的拉伸，从而有张力存在于织物上。然而织物在遇水后很容易解除张力，因此我们会在洗涤后发现织物缩水。在实际工艺中，我们一般用预缩水来解决这个问题。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　<strong>8、洗涤护理过程</strong></p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　洗涤护理包括洗涤、干燥、熨烫，这三步每一步都会影响到织物的缩水。例如手洗样品的尺寸稳定性要优于机洗的样品，而洗涤的温度同样会影响其尺寸稳定性。一般而言，温度越高，稳定性越差。样品的干燥方式对织物的缩率影响也是比较大的。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　常用的干燥方式有、滴水干燥法，金属网平铺法，挂干干燥法和转筒烘干法。其中滴水干燥法对织物的尺寸影响最小，而转筒拱干法对织物的尺寸影响最大，其余两种居中。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;line-height: 2em;">　　另外，根据织物的成分选择一个合适的熨烫温度，也可以改善织物的缩水情况。例如，棉麻织物可以通过高温熨烫改善其尺寸缩率。但并非温度越高越好，对于合成纤维来说，高温熨烫非但不能改善它的缩率，反而会对它的性能有所破坏，如面料发硬发脆等。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section>