<div><br></div><div><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="118440" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 20px auto; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; flex-shrink: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 205, 69); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 20px; display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: rgb(31, 149, 241); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 205, 69); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></section></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px; font-size: 20px; color: rgb(15, 130, 219); letter-spacing: 1.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">各种染料，不同的染色方法</strong></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; flex-shrink: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 20px; display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 205, 69); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: rgb(31, 149, 241); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 20px; display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 205, 69); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="94554" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 10px 0px; width: 464.857px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 4px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(206, 241, 245); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: -10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(254, 254, 254); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 2em 1em; cursor: text; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">1.&nbsp;直接染料&nbsp;直接染料能溶于水，在中性或弱碱性溶液中，可直接上染棉纤维。染色时加入食盐等中性电解质，能增加染料上的杂量。直接染料色谱齐全，染色方法简便，价格也较便宜，曾为棉织物的主要梁料。但这种染料染色牢席不够好，需在后处理中进行固色处理。</section></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="94554" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 10px 0px; width: 464.857px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 4px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(206, 241, 245); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: -10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(254, 254, 254); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 2em 1em; cursor: text; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">2.&nbsp;活性染料&nbsp;活性染料是指含有活性基团的可溶性染料。在适当条件下，能与纤维素纤维、蛋白质纤维发生化学结合，大大地提高被染物的水洗、皂洗色牢度等。同时，它还具有染色、印花简便、色泽鲜艳，色谱较齐，价格较便宜等优点。但一般活性染料固色率不高，在碱性溶液中易水解，造成浮色。所以织物染色时采用先染色，后固色的方法，以提高染料的固色率。用于印花，要根据染料品种的不同，选用一相法或两相法印花。还有一些活性染料的耐氯漂色牢度和耐气候色牢度较差。</section></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="94554" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 10px 0px; width: 464.857px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 4px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(206, 241, 245); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: -10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(254, 254, 254); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 2em 1em; cursor: text; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">3.&nbsp;还原染料&nbsp;还原染料不溶于水，不能直接染色。需在烧碱、保险粉的碱性强还原溶液中使其还原为隐色体，由隐色体上染棉纤维，经过氧化，回复成不溶性染料而固着于纤维。还原染料的色谱齐全，色泽鲜艳，而日晒、皂洗色牢度均较优良。但因价格较贵，某些黄、橙品种有光敏脆损作用，因此在应用上受到一定限制。染色或印花时要加强皂煮后处理，去除浮色，提高鲜艳度。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="94554" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 10px 0px; width: 464.857px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 4px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(206, 241, 245); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: -10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(254, 254, 254); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 2em 1em; cursor: text; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">4.&nbsp;可溶性还原染料&nbsp;可溶性还原染料是还原染料的衍生物，可溶于水，染在纤维上后，需在酸液中经过氧化处理，使染料水解、氧化，回复成不溶性的还原染料而染着在纤维上。可溶性还原染料的染色工艺比较简单，染色比较匀透，染色牢度高。但这种染料的价格昂贵，主要用于浅、中色棉织物的染色、印花。</section></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="94554" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 10px 0px; width: 464.857px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 4px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(206, 241, 245); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: -10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(254, 254, 254); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 2em 1em; cursor: text; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">5.&nbsp;硫化染料&nbsp;硫化染料不溶于水，但能溶解在硫化纳溶液中，还原成隐色体，隐色体被棉纤维吸收后，氧化成不溶性染料而固着在棉纤维上。硫化染料主要用于棉纤维深色产品的染色，水洗和日晒度尚好，染色方法简便，价格便宜，但其磨擦色牢度较差，色泽不够鲜艳。某些染料（如硫化黑），在织物存放过程中，会使纤维脆损，因此染色后需作防脆处理。黄、橙色硫化染料往往对纤维有光敏脆损作用。</section></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="94554" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 10px 0px; width: 464.857px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 4px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(206, 241, 245); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: -10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(254, 254, 254); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 2em 1em; cursor: text; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">6.&nbsp;不溶性偶氮染料&nbsp;不溶性偶氮染料是由两上染料中间打底齐（色酚）和显色剂（色基）组成。染色时，织物先以色酚的烧碱溶液打底，然后用色基的重氮化溶液显色，织物上的色酚和色基的重氮化合物偶合瓜而生成不溶性偶氮染料，固着于织物上。由于色基进行重氮化反应时，需要用冰，所以不溶性偶氨染料又称冰染料。该类染料色泽鲜艳，耐皂洗色牢度很好，耐日晒色牢度也较好，但磨擦色牢度较差，湿摩擦我牢度更差。</section></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="94554" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 10px 0px; width: 464.857px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 4px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(206, 241, 245); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: -10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(254, 254, 254); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 2em 1em; cursor: text; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">7.&nbsp;稳定不溶性偶氮染料&nbsp;稳定不溶性偶氮染料是色酚钠盐与暂稳定的重氮化合物的混合物，在一般情况下，两者不发生偶合反应。印花后经过一定的处理，暂稳定的重氮化合物转 化为活泼的重氮化合物，而与色酚偶合生成不深性偶氮染料。这类染料主要用于印制小块花纹。</section></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="94554" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 10px 0px; width: 464.857px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 4px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(206, 241, 245); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: -10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(254, 254, 254); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 2em 1em; cursor: text; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">8．分散染料&nbsp;分散染料是一类分子较小，结构上不带水溶性基团的非离子型染料。这类染料难溶于水，染色是借助分散剂的作用，染料以细小的颗粒状态均匀地分散在染液中，因此这种成为分散染料。主要用于涤纶染色，一般在130度左右的温度中进行染色。</section></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="94554" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 10px 0px; width: 464.857px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 4px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(206, 241, 245); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: -10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 1px dotted rgb(36, 36, 36); border-radius: 10px; background: rgb(254, 254, 254); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 2em 1em; cursor: text; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">9、阳离子染料染色&nbsp;阳离子染料是一类色泽十分鲜艳的水溶性染料，染料在水溶液中电离为阳离子，通过引力，使在染液中带阴离子的纤维染色，主要用于阳离腈纶染色。</p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></div>