<section data-role="outer" class="article135" label="edit by 135editor"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“开纤””在染整的应用最初是从化纤超细纤维的染整开始的，它的应用场景是针对海岛丝染整，比如说用强碱对涤锦海岛丝进行处理，使“海”成分比如COPET发生溶解，从而形成超高F数超细的涤锦丝，超细高F数赋予织物更为柔软独特的手感，形成一种“开纤”风格；这个是目前关于开纤最初始、最正统的理解。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: left; text-indent: 2em; caret-color: red; outline-style: initial; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; font-size: 15px;">&nbsp;另一个化纤的应用场景和涤纶碱减量有关，&nbsp;涤纶织物经碱减量后，涤纶纤维被碱减量苛蚀变细，织物的紧度变低，使织物的手感变软和具备更好的活络和悬垂性，这种也被萧绍地区染厂的称之为“开纤”。</span></section><p style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="left"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在萧绍地区的染厂里的很多人，只要是纤维之间的分离或空隙加大，都会说成开纤，就比如，普通化纤长丝织物或化纤长丝织物与棉交织的织物，化纤需要加纺丝油剂来提升其集束性，以方便织造。这种织物在染整厂进行缸里前处理，通过对纺丝油剂的去除，和缸内松式水流冲刷的共同作用，使得长丝纤维间集束性被破坏，纤维间产生一定分离，从而获得蓬松松软的手感，这种处理也被称为开纤。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="left"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在前述的超细纤维织物染整生产中，有类麂皮绒的织物在开纤后要去磨毛，使织物产生细腻的绒感，从而使织物手感变得更好。另一个是在涤纶碱减量中，有时减量过量，会使纱线表面纤维变得过细，在缸内冲刷时发生断裂，在织物表面形成绒感，并产生了很好的手感。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="left"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这两个赋予织物良好手感的方法给了染厂工程师一个灵感，<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: left; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">并由此把开</span>纤这个概念引用到了人棉织物上，利用强酸对人棉进行一定程度的强力破坏，在高速冲刷的缸内令强力受损的人棉纤维断裂并脱离纱体，并在织物形成细腻绒毛，这个也在萧绍地区染厂被称为人棉“开纤”。</span></span></p><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这类强酸“开纤”工艺后来也发展到棉、莫代尔和部分莱赛尔织物上，并有了专门针对这类开纤工艺的助剂，叫“开纤酶”，但其实根本不是酶，而是一些酸或者酸的缓冲溶液。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">到后来，在萧绍地区的染厂里的很多人，基本上会把对织物产生蓬松良好手感或细腻绒感的处理都说成“开纤”，并且在一定程度上会误以为这种手感的改善机理如前两者一样，是化学药剂对纤维的侵蚀导致的，比如，莱赛尔开纤。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">但这其实是个误解，莱赛尔与前述几种都不同，它所谓的“开纤”并不发生前述的“溶解”或“纤维断裂”过程，其过程中加的碱是起溶胀作用（水本身就有溶胀作用，碱令溶胀更剧烈），而非溶解或对纤维的破坏作用，也就是说它是一个纯物理过程，而非一个化学过程。它的基本机理是莱赛尔纤维在高溶胀下侧向作用力变弱，然后在高速冲刷下巨原纤发生劈叉开裂，尾端脱离纱体在织物表面形成绒毛，即它的原纤化过程。因此，所谓莱赛尔的开纤，实际是指它的原纤化过程。</span></section><p style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="left"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">由此可见，“开纤”这个词已经发生很多的演绎，有着很多的场景，其工艺和内涵也都有很大的差别。</strong></span></p></section>