<section data-role="outer" class="article135" label="edit by 135editor"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">缩水率最小的是合成纤维及混纺织品，其次是毛织品、麻织品、棉织品居中，丝织品缩水较大，而最大的是粘胶纤维、人造棉、人造毛类织物。客观的讲，全棉面料多少都存在着缩水褪色的问题，关键是后面的整理。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="87522" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86005" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">所以一般家纺的面料都是经过预缩处理。值得注意的是经过预缩处理不等于不缩水，而是指缩水率控制在国标3%-4%以内衣料尤其是天然纤维的衣料会缩水。因此，在选购衣料时，除了对织物的质量、色泽、花型进行挑选外，对织物的缩水率也应当有所了解。</span></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85327" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section data-width="90%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; width: 90%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="75%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; width: 75%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88949" data-color="rgb(216, 40, 33)" data-custom="rgb(216, 40, 33)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; visibility: visible; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p data-brushtype="text" style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一. 纤维及织缩的影响</span></p></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-top: 2px dotted rgb(216, 40, 33); width: 100%; height: 2px; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section data-role="paragraph" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纤维本身吸水后，会产生一定程度的溶胀。通常纤维的溶胀都是各向异性的（锦纶除外），即长度缩短，直径增大。通常把织物下水前后的长度差与其原长的百分比称为缩水率。吸水能力越强，溶胀越剧烈，缩水率越高，织物的尺寸稳定性越差。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">织物本身的长度与所使用的纱（丝）线长度是不同的，</span></strong></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">通常用织缩率来表示两者的差异。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 82, 255); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">织缩率（%）=[纱（丝）线长度-织物长度]/织物长度</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">织物在下水后，由于纤维本身的溶胀，使织物长度进一步缩短，产生缩水率。织物的织缩率不同，其缩水率的大小就不同。织物本身的组织结构及织造张力不同，其织缩率就不同。织造张力小，织物紧密厚实，织缩率大，织物的缩水率就小；织造张力大，织物就疏松轻薄，织缩率小，织物的缩水率就大。在染整加工中，为了降低织物的缩水率，常采用预缩整理的方式来加大纬密，预先提高织缩率，从而降低织物的缩水率。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88949" data-color="rgb(216, 40, 33)" data-custom="rgb(216, 40, 33)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; visibility: visible; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p data-brushtype="text" style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二. 缩水产生的原因</span></p></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-top: 2px dotted rgb(216, 40, 33); width: 100%; height: 2px; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; visibility: visible; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1、</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纤维在纺纱时，或纱线在织造及染整时，织物中之纱线纤维受外力作用而伸长或变形，同时纱线纤维及织物结构产生内应力，在静态干松弛状态，或静态湿松弛状态，又或在动态湿松弛状态、全松弛状态下，不同程度内应力之释放，使纱线纤维及织物回复至初始状态。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2、不同的纤维及其织物，其缩水程度都不同，主要取决于其纤维的特性-亲水性纤维的缩水程度较大，例如棉、麻、粘胶等纤维；而疏水性纤维的缩水程度较少，例如合成纤维等。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3、纤维在润湿状态时，因浸液的作用下产生膨化，令纤维直径变大，如在织物上，迫使织物之交织点之纤维曲率半径增加，引致织物长度缩短。例如棉纤维在水的作用下膨化，横截面积增大40~50%，长度增加1~2%，而合成纤维则对热收缩，如沸水收缩等，一般5%左右。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4、纺织纤维受热条件下，纤维的形态及尺寸发生变化及收缩，降温后亦不能回复到初始状态，称为纤维热收缩。而热收缩前与热收缩后的长度百分比称为热收缩率，一般以沸水收缩测试，在100℃沸水中，纤维长度收缩的百分率作表示；亦有用热空气方式，在超过100℃的热空气中测其收缩的百分率，亦有用蒸气方式，在超过100℃的蒸气中测其收缩的百分率。纤维因内部结构及受热温度、时间等不同条件下表现亦不同，例如加工涤纶短纤的沸水收缩率为1%，维纶沸水收缩率为5%，氯纶热空气收缩率为50%。纤维在纺织加工及其织物的尺寸稳定性有著密切的关系，为后工序之设计提供一些依据。</span></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85327" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section data-width="90%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 90%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="75%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 75%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88949" data-color="rgb(216, 40, 33)" data-custom="rgb(216, 40, 33)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p data-brushtype="text" style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">三. 一般面料的缩水率表</span></p></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-top: 2px dotted rgb(216, 40, 33); width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="7" data-color="rgb(198, 198, 199)" data-custom="rgb(198, 198, 199)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><blockquote style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 4px 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(219, 219, 219); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); font-size: 15px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">棉4%--10%；</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">化纤4%--8%；</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">棉涤3.5%--5 5%；</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本色白布为3%；</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">毛蓝布为3-4%；</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">府绸为3-4.5%；</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">花布为3-3.5%；</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">斜纹布为4%；</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">劳动布为10%；</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">人造棉为10%。</strong></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></blockquote></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85327" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section data-width="90%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 90%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="75%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 75%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88949" data-color="rgb(216, 40, 33)" data-custom="rgb(216, 40, 33)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p data-brushtype="text" style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">四. 影响缩水率的原因</span></p></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-top: 2px dotted rgb(216, 40, 33); width: 100%; height: 2px; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><section data-role="paragraph" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1、原材料<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">织物的原材料不同，缩水率不同。一般来说，吸湿性大的纤维，浸水后纤维膨胀，直径增大，长度缩短，缩水率就大。如有的粘胶纤维吸水率高达13%，而合成纤维织物吸湿性差，其缩水率就小。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2、密度</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">织物的密度不同，缩水率也不同。如经纬向密度相近，其经纬向缩水率也接近。经密度大的织品，经向缩水就大，反之，纬密大于经密的织品，纬向缩水也就大。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3、纱支粗细</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">织物纱支粗细不同，缩水率也不同。纱支粗的布缩水率就大，纱支细的织物缩水率就小。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4、生产工艺</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">织物生产工艺不同，缩水率也不同。一般来说，织物在织造和染整过程中，纤维要拉伸多次，加工时间长，施加张力较大的织物缩水率就大，反之就小。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5、纤维成分</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">天然植物纤维（如棉、麻）和植物再生纤维（如粘胶）与合成纤维（如涤纶、腈纶）相比，容易吸湿膨胀，因此缩水率较大，而羊毛则是由于纤维表面的鳞片结构而容易毡化，影响其尺寸稳定性。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6、织物结构</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一般情况下，机织物的尺寸稳定性要优于针织物；高密度织物的尺寸稳定性要优于低密度的。在机织物中，一般平纹织物的缩水率小于法兰绒织物；而针织物中，平针组织的缩水率又小于罗纹织物。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">7、生产加工过程</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">由于织物在染色、印花、后整理过程中，不可避免的会受到机器的拉伸，从而有张力存在于织物上。然而织物在遇水后很容易解除张力，因此我们会在洗涤后发现织物缩水。在实际工艺中，我们一般用预缩水来解决这个问题。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">8、洗涤护理过程</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">洗涤护理包括洗涤、干燥、熨烫，这三步每一步都会影响到织物的缩水。例如手洗样品的尺寸稳定性要优于机洗的样品，而洗涤的温度同样会影响其尺寸稳定性。一般而言，温度越高，稳定性越差。样品的干燥方式对织物的缩率影响也是比较大的。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">常用的干燥方式有、滴水干燥法，金属网平铺法，挂干干燥法和转筒烘干法。其中滴水干燥法对织物的尺寸影响最小，而转筒拱干法对织物的尺寸影响最大，其余两种居中。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">另外，根据织物的成分选择一个合适的熨烫温度，也可以改善织物的缩水情况。例如，棉麻织物可以通过高温熨烫改善其尺寸缩率。但并非温度越高越好，对于合成纤维来说，高温熨烫非但不能改善它的缩率，反而会对它的性能有所破坏，如面料发硬发脆等。</span></section></section></section>