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2022-10-28 08:35:04
<section data-role="outer" class="article135" label="edit by 135editor"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="24909" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(214, 240, 243) 50%, rgb(255, 227, 227) 50%); text-align: justify; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-style: dotted; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(143, 208, 218); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 2px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一、纱线染色特点</p></section></section></section></section></section><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="24930" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 6px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; width: 2em; letter-spacing: 2px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="center"><img data-type="png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-index="2" data-origin-display="block" _width="84px" alt="图片" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Ljib4So7yuWgAFLImXf3tPJ8UFNF4tsTiaHcHqCzfYic6gJetyk0FGttufzpeeyNibJtccoA8w38Tic2LanlcDbkIjA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; display: block; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 84px !important;" data-ratio="1.4166666666666667" data-w="84"></p><section style="margin: -16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(25, 34, 17); background-color: rgb(227, 243, 255); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: -5px 5px 5px -5px; padding: 20px 15px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(25, 34, 17); background-color: rgb(242, 250, 255); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 2px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span deep="12" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在纺织品的生产过程中，染色在哪个阶段进行，受若干素因的影响。从经济角度来看，染色在织造生产工序的前道进行，其成本是最低的。在织造前进行纱线染色，某些色花等疵病可以在后续织造工序中得到改善。如选用较好的染料，纱线染色一般能获得良好的牢度和匀染效果，可与本色纱线按不同设计要求织造，从而获得较高经济价值，井可缩短交货周期，产品的重现性也较高。<br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">通常认为，色纱织制的织物比染色织物更具有蓬松和丰满的手感，这可能是因为当绞纱悬于染色机的纱杆上时，可以自由地充分松弛而不受任何限制，不仅可以让纱线完全蓬松化，而且还可以让纱线自由退捻达到捻度均衡，从而消除纺纱时的张力。<br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">除绞纱染色外，纱线染色的另一种形式是筒子纱染色，从技术上讲，过去认为只有采用绞纱染色法进行染色才能生产出满意的产品，但这种传统看法随着筒子纱染色法的出现发生了改变。<br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一般说，纱线染色比织物染色成本要高。但由于它具有交货快的优点，因而更容易适应流行色的变化，同时适应小批量、多品种的需要。此外，纱线染色机械较为简单，从而在维修保养方面较为经济。<br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 25.5px; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="24909" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(214, 240, 243) 50%, rgb(255, 227, 227) 50%); text-align: justify; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-style: dotted; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(143, 208, 218); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 2px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二、还原染料纱线染色<br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">还</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; visibility: visible; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">原染料是当前色织物纯棉纱线染色的一类主要染料。染色后的纱线不仅色泽鲜艳，而且牢度十分优良，大多数耐日晒牢度均在6级以上，部分品种</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; visibility: visible; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">高</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; visibility: visible; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">达8级。因此凡需要整理如煮练、漂白、丝光和热定形的色织布，都可用还原染料染色。还原染料的品种很多，按其化学结构可分为</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; visibility: visible; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">靛类和蒽醌类，纱线染色所用的还原染料，多以蒽醌类为主。</span></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; visibility: visible; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; visibility: visible; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">染色基本方法</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蒽醌类还原染料的总色体钠盐易被棉纱所吸附，上染速率快，因此匀染性较差，染浴所需烧碱、保险粉让也较高。在纱线染色过程中，</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1g</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蒽醌</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">类还原染料在染浴中常需消耗烧碱和保险粉各5~6g</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，此外染浴中还需加入</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">骨胶、平平加0等缓染剂，以</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">降低染料的上染速率，有利于染液向纤维内部扩散，并提高匀染效果，用量</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">以0.2~0.5g/L为好。在日常染色中染纱时间一般为<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">15</span>~20min</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">为改进色纱的匀染性和染色牢度，可适当延长染色时间至20~30min。对少</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">量需在较低温度下染色的还原染料，其隐色体钠盐被纱线吸附后，在空气中不易氧化，可选择适当的氧化方法和氧化剂，促进染料隐色体的转化、发色，然后用水洗涤或稀酸液处理，以去除残余碱剂和杂质，最后进行皂洗和水洗，完成纱线染色。由于不同的还原染料具有不同的染色性能，故在纱线染色时，可根据其所需烧碱、保险粉、助剂的用量及染色温度、时间等条件的差别，选择适当的还原方式和染色方法。</span></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.染色工艺和操作</span></strong></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(1)手工纱线染色。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">采用手工纱线染色时，白纱下缸后需连续提纱倒头<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span>~9次（约<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5min)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，但间隔要求均匀一致。</span></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(2)往复式染纱机染色。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-size: 14px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">采用往复式染纱机进行纱线染色，下缸时由两人依次抬纱，机器应处于只摆不转的状态，待白纱全部被染液浸透（相当于往复摆动<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span>次的时间）才能使纱杆滚转。有些匀染性要求高的和丝光纱线，还需在白纱下缸时结合手工操作，将纱左右</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">摆</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">动，并使其连续倒顺滚转4~5min</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，然后停止运转，但摆动仍需继续进行，以后每隔</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1min换向、倒头一次。染色10min后</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">每2~3min再换向、倒头一次，倒头时必须使露出液面约<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1/3</span>的色纱重新被</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">浸没于染液内，以防止早期氧化而产生深浅段头色花。</span></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(3)</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">高温高</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">压染纱机染色</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">。筒子纱染色可按正反方向由循环泵推动染液，每隔规定时间变换流向一次，先由中心向四周喷液（即正循环），时间为0.5~1.5min，再由四周向中心喷液（即反循环），时间为4.5~3.5min。若是绞纱染色，则可始终采用正向循环液流染色，不适宜于反向循环，染液如由周围向中心循环时，势必造成绞纱上层密度越来越小，而下层密度则越来越大，形成液流短路，从而出现纱芯染色不透，造成白芯、白斑和浅斑等疵病。表<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2-8</span>为还原染料纱线染色工艺举例。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在进行纱线染色前、应先对白纱质量进行检验，要求白纱外观洁净无斑渍，呈中性，堆放时间不得超过</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">8h</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，并用湿布盖好。在纱线染色装机时，应根据不同染纱设备按要求装填，防止因纱线装填不当所产生的染色疵病。</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 25.5px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="24909" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(214, 240, 243) 50%, rgb(255, 227, 227) 50%); text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-style: dotted; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(143, 208, 218); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 2px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">三、硫化染料纱线染色</p></section></section></section></section></section><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="24883" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 35px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: -30px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 50px; float: right; transform: rotate(0deg); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-type="png" data-index="4" data-origin-display="block" _width="50px" alt="图片" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Ljib4So7yuWgPNGxEf4dwXG9YiakFx7AF69WBsoFFZxwqM2laIsVwicQA0qJM6P9yT7TJLStbSJC71EIGNibhjg1rQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-fail="0" style="vertical-align: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; display: block; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 50px !important;" data-ratio="0.9318181818181818" data-w="88"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-shadow: rgb(213, 234, 241) -6px -6px; border-radius: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; background: rgb(254, 254, 254); box-shadow: rgb(255, 226, 212) 6px 6px; border-radius: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">色织棉布深色品种如劳动布、元贡等所色用纱的，大都采用硫化染料染色。硫化染料价格便宜，染色后的色泽丰满，水洗牢度较好，是纱线染的色常用染料之一。<br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">硫化染料因其分子结构中含有较多的硫元素，不溶于水，染色时必须借硫化钠还原。溶解。近年来又有水溶性硫化染料和防脆损硫化黑等出现，使硫化染料的应用又有了新的前景。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.染色工艺要点</span></strong></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(1)控制好前处理质量</span><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纱线的染前处理是保证纱线染色质量的关键。硫化染料的染色有无光和丝光之分，个别染浅色的纱线还需经过漂白。如果煮练不良，纱线毛效就差，或者丝光碱液浓度高低不一，漂白纱含氯较多等均会直接影响染色质量。因此染前必须对白纱进行认真检查，要求白度均匀，不能有黄斑、黑斑、碱斑、锈斑、污渍以及含氯等。脱水后的白纱必须用湿布遮盖，防止表面风干，对于堆放过久的白纱，染前必须再经一次水洗，否则染后会产生局部白条或浅条色疵。<br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对于不经碱煮而仅用清水煮练的无光纱，因棉脂、蜡质尚未去尽，堆放时间切忌过长，尤其在高温季节容易变质，染前需重新用60~70)热纯碱液处理，严重的尚需酸洗，否则染色纱线易出现色泽浅而发白的现象。<br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(2)控制好染色温度</span><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">由于硫化染料上染缓慢，故适宜采用高温染色，既有利于染料颗粒不断溶化变细，快速向纤维内层渗透和扩散，又可使纤维纱线受热膨化疏松，获得较好的匀染效果。一般硫化染料的染色温度为75~80℃，手工染纱高温不便操作，溫度控制在60~70℃。温度过低，会影响染料的上染，得色变浅，并且使残液内染料浓度渐次递升，产生缸与缸之间的色差。但也有部分染料适宜于低温染色，温度过高反而得色较浅，这主要是由于温度升高后使染料对纤维的直接性降低的缘故。一般浅色纱线多采用低温染色，如劳动布的纬线染硫化深灰等可在室温染色。除此之外，染色温度与棉纱的丝光、无光、染纱机械等都有密切关系，一般无光纱染色温度高，而丝光纱较低。高温高压染纱有密闭装置，染色温度可提高到100℃以上，而往复式染纱机若温度过高，易使纱线上浮，造成乱纱、断纱，故染色温度大都在70~80。<br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(3)控制好染浴浓度</span><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">当硫化染料染深色时，由于染浴内染料浓度高，氧化速率快，染色后、纱线上未固着的染料和空气接触产生色淀而被吸附在色纱表面，容易造成红条、金铜色等疵病，使染色牢度下降。为获得较好的匀染效果及染色牢度，一般的染色方法是将从染浴中取出的纱线立即再次浸入另一还原液中进行重新还原，逐步降色低纱本身的温度和被吸附的染液浓度，延缓氧化速率，达到色泽均匀、质量稳定，或通过还原液除去一部分色纱表面的浮色，这种工艺常称为闷缸。<br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">用硫化染料染棉纱时，常用隐色体染色法，其中又以黑色和藏青色为最多，上染率一般为25%~30%，因此残留在染浴中的染料较多，故硫化染料染色后的残液通常被连续使用。头缸染料投人量与续缸染料的补充量两者之间的比例，常称为头缸染料的加成数，如果加成数不对，就会影响头缸与续缸的得色深浅。染浅色纱线时，头缸加成数可适当减少．而染深色纱线时应增加。当上染率为25.4%时，头缸染料的加成数约为续缸染料的2.5~4倍。<br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">影响硫化染料染色的因素较多，除染料与硫化碱用量外，纱线的配棉、煮练量、水的硬度、硫化碱含量等都直接影响纱线的上染率。</section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.染色工艺举例</span></strong></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">表2-9为在往复式染纱机上丝光纱染硫化黑色，纱重25kg，浴比1:40。<br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">工艺流程如下：<br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">清水煮练(100℃，3h)→丝光（烧碱21.55%)→中和(98%硫酸2.5~3g/L)→温水(40~50℃)→脱水→绷纱（绷松、绷直）→串杆→染色(70~75℃，20min)→温缸(35~40℃，5min)→水洗（冷洗，流动）→沥干→防脆处理(25~30℃，10min)→出缸→包布→脱水→绷烘</section></section></section></section></section></section></section>