<section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="94022" draggable="true"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;margin:10px auto;"><section class="assistant" style="margin-right: -15px;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-ms-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);"><section style="width: 0px; height: 1px; border-width: 0px 15px 20px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: transparent transparent rgb(254, 215, 127); overflow: hidden; transform: scaleY(-1);"></section><section style="width: 0px; height: 1px; border-width: 0px 15px 20px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: transparent transparent rgb(254, 215, 127); overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section data-bgless="spin" data-bglessp="280" data-bgopacity="50%" style="height: 40px;background:#fec43f;line-height: 38px;text-align: center;padding: 0px 1.6em;color: #fff;letter-spacing: 1.5px;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" hm_fix="336:746"><span style="font-size: 18px;">纳米纤维</span></section><section class="assistant" style="margin-left: -15px;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-ms-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);"><section style="width: 0px; height: 1px; border-width: 0px 15px 20px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: transparent transparent rgb(254, 215, 127); overflow: hidden; transform: scaleY(-1);"></section><section style="width: 0px; height: 1px; border-width: 0px 15px 20px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: transparent transparent rgb(254, 215, 127); overflow: hidden;"></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="109683"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: inline-block;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 100%; height: 4px; background-color: rgb(255, 189, 74); margin-bottom: 2px; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100% !important;" data-width="100%"></section><section style="width: 34px; height: 38px; background-color: rgb(255, 240, 158); border-radius: 0px 0px 10px;"><section style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;color: #ffbd4a;line-height: 38px;text-align: center;"><br></section></section></section><section style="background-color: rgb(239, 245, 254); padding: 35px 15px 30px; margin: -30px 10px -10px 0px;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; color: rgb(82, 82, 82); background: transparent;"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;" hm_fix="280:413">&nbsp; 通常把直径小于&nbsp;100nm&nbsp;的纤维称为纳米纤维(1nm&nbsp;等于&nbsp;10&nbsp;m,即&nbsp;10&nbsp;μm,仅是&nbsp;10&nbsp;个氢原子排起来的长度),目前也有人将添加了纳米级(即粒径小于&nbsp;100nm)粉末填充物的纤维称为纳米纤维。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;" hm_fix="280:413"><br>&nbsp; 目前,最细的纳米纤维为单碳原子链,这种纳米碳管被誉为纳米材料之王,其原因是这种细到一般仪器都难以观察到的材料有着神奇的本领:超高强、超柔韧、怪磁性。因碳纳米管中碳原子间距短,管径小,使纤维结构不易存在缺陷,其强度为钢的&nbsp;100&nbsp;倍,是一般纤维强度的&nbsp;200&nbsp;倍,而密度只有钢的&nbsp;1/&nbsp;6。用它制作的绳索可以从地球拉到月球而不被自重拉断。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;" hm_fix="280:413"><br>&nbsp; 它具有奇异的导电性,既有金属的导电性也有半导体性,甚至&nbsp;1&nbsp;根碳纳米管的不同部位由于结构变化也可显示不同的导电性。用它作成整流管可替代硅芯片,因而将引起电子学中的重大变化,可将计算机做得极小。</p><p style="vertical-align:inherit;" hm_fix="280:413"><br>&nbsp; 用碳纳米管做的纳米器件可组装纳米机器人,即蚊子飞机、蚂蚁坦克等,可用于军事及医疗。碳纳米管可用来制作储氢材料,&nbsp;把氢开发成为人类服务的清洁能源。此外,碳纳米管还可用作隐形材料、催化剂载体及电极材料等。纳米纤维可以支持“纳米机”的排列,把集成排列的“纳米机”连接成大规模系统。</p></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: flex-end;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 3px;justify-content: flex-end;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;margin-top: 3px;justify-content: flex-end;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section><section class="assistant" style="width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 3px; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;margin-top: 4px;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 70px; height: 4px; background-color: rgb(255, 240, 158); overflow: hidden;"></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="109684"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px auto;"><section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section style="width: 32px; height: 25px; background: linear-gradient(rgb(255, 240, 158) 0%, rgb(255, 240, 158) 90%, rgb(255, 189, 74) 90%, rgb(255, 189, 74) 100%);"><section style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;color: #ffbd4a;line-height: 25px;"><strong>0</strong><strong class="autonum" data-original-title="" title="">1</strong></section></section><section style="width: auto; height: 25px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); padding: 0px 5px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 25px;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">表面效应</strong></section></section></section><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(253, 234, 131); padding: 25px 0px 0px 20px; margin: -13px 0px 0px 15px;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="padding-right: 20px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; color: rgb(82, 82, 82); background: transparent;"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;" hm_fix="313:376">&nbsp; 粒子尺寸越小,表面积越大,由于表面粒子缺少相邻原子的配位,因而表面能增大极不稳定,它易与其他原子结合,显出较强的活性。纤维的细度达到纳米级后其直径与比长度、比表面积的关系见下表。</p></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;margin-top: 15px;"><section style="line-height: 0; width: 20px; transform: rotate(-90deg) translate(-1px, 1px);"><svg id="图层_1" data-name="图层 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 42 42" xml:space="default"><polygon class="cls-1" style="fill:none;stroke:#8cb7f6;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:3px;" points="1 1 1 41 41 41 1 1"></polygon></svg></section></section></section></section><section class="box-edit _135editor" style="margin-top: 25px;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section style="width: 32px; height: 25px; background: linear-gradient(rgb(255, 240, 158) 0%, rgb(255, 240, 158) 90%, rgb(255, 189, 74) 90%, rgb(255, 189, 74) 100%);"><section style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;color: #ffbd4a;line-height: 25px;"><strong>0</strong><strong class="autonum" data-original-title="" title="">2</strong></section></section><section style="width: auto; height: 25px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); padding: 0px 5px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 25px;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">小尺寸效应</strong></section></section></section><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(253, 234, 131); padding: 25px 0px 0px 20px; margin: -13px 0px 0px 15px;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="padding-right: 20px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; color: rgb(82, 82, 82); background: transparent;"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;">&nbsp; 当微粒的尺寸小到与光波的波长、传导电子的德布罗意波长和超导态的相干长度或透射深度近似或比之更小时,其周期性的边界条件将被破坏,粒子的声、光、电磁、热力学等性质将会改变,如熔点降低、分色变色、吸收紫外线、屏蔽电磁波等。</p></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;margin-top: 15px;"><section style="line-height: 0; width: 20px; transform: rotate(-90deg) translate(-1px, 1px);"><svg id="图层_1" data-name="图层 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 42 42" xml:space="default"><polygon class="cls-1" style="fill:none;stroke:#8cb7f6;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:3px;" points="1 1 1 41 41 41 1 1"></polygon></svg></section></section></section></section><section class="box-edit _135editor" style="margin-top: 25px;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section style="width: 32px; height: 25px; background: linear-gradient(rgb(255, 240, 158) 0%, rgb(255, 240, 158) 90%, rgb(255, 189, 74) 90%, rgb(255, 189, 74) 100%);"><section style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;color: #ffbd4a;line-height: 25px;"><strong>0</strong><strong class="autonum" data-original-title="" title="">3</strong></section></section><section style="width: auto; height: 25px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); padding: 0px 5px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 25px;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">量子尺寸效应</strong></section></section></section><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(253, 234, 131); padding: 25px 0px 0px 20px; margin: -13px 0px 0px 15px;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="padding-right: 20px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; color: rgb(82, 82, 82); background: transparent;"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;">&nbsp; 当粒子的尺寸小到一定值时,费米能级附近的电子能级由准连续变为离散能级,此时,原为导体的物质有可能变为绝缘体,原为绝缘体有可能变为超导体。</p></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;margin-top: 15px;"><section style="line-height: 0; width: 20px; transform: rotate(-90deg) translate(-1px, 1px);"><svg id="图层_1" data-name="图层 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 42 42" xml:space="default"><polygon class="cls-1" style="fill:none;stroke:#8cb7f6;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:3px;" points="1 1 1 41 41 41 1 1"></polygon></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="109684"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px auto;"><section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;"><section style="width: 32px; height: 25px; background: linear-gradient(rgb(255, 240, 158) 0%, rgb(255, 240, 158) 90%, rgb(255, 189, 74) 90%, rgb(255, 189, 74) 100%);"><section style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;color: #ffbd4a;line-height: 25px;"><strong>04</strong></section></section><section style="width: auto; height: 25px; background-color: rgb(140, 183, 246); padding: 0px 5px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 25px;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">宏观量子的隧道效应</strong></section></section></section><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(253, 234, 131); padding: 25px 0px 0px 20px; margin: -13px 0px 0px 15px;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="padding-right: 20px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; color: rgb(82, 82, 82); background: transparent;"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;" hm_fix="285:387">&nbsp; 隧道效应是指微小粒子在一定情况下能穿过物体,就像里面有了隧道一样。纳米纤维的制造大体可分为&nbsp;3大类:分子技术制备法、纺丝制备法、生物制备法。</p></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;margin-top: 15px;"><section style="line-height: 0; width: 20px; transform: rotate(-90deg) translate(-1px, 1px);"><svg id="图层_1" data-name="图层 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 42 42" xml:space="default"><polygon class="cls-1" style="fill:none;stroke:#8cb7f6;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:3px;" points="1 1 1 41 41 41 1 1"></polygon></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;"><br></p></section></section>