<div><br></div><div><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　为了使子棉的水分达到最适宜加工条件,凡子棉水分过低时,应适当加湿,而子棉水分过高时,则需进行干燥。根据我国的情况,除个别地区的子棉因水分过低而适当加湿外,大部分地区的子棉往往因水分过高,需要进行干燥。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　1.子棉加湿与干燥的原理</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　空气的干湿程度称为湿度,湿度有绝对湿度与相对湿度之分。空气里所含水气的质量称为空气的绝对湿度,它是表示空气所含水蒸气量多少的指标。空气中水蒸气分压力与同一温度下饱和水蒸气分压力之比称为空气的相对湿度,它是表示空气干燥或潮湿的指标。当空气的绝对湿度不变时,提高空气的温度,可提高饱和水气量,降低相对湿度,导致棉纤维水分的蒸发加快。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　从相对湿度的角度说,在一定温度下,空气的相对湿度越低,棉纤维中的水分蒸发得越快,反之就越慢。空气的相对湿度增加到一定程度时,水分不但不能从纤维中蒸发,反而会使棉纤维从空气中吸收水分。在其他条件不变时,空气的温度越高,相对湿度越低,棉纤维的水分蒸发得越快;反之,棉纤维的水分就难以蒸发。因此,空气的相对湿度和温度与棉纤维吸湿、放湿有着密切关系。空气被加热后,其容纳水蒸气的能力提高很快,当温度由25℃升至100℃时,虽然温度只增加了4倍,但空气的饱和湿度会增加25倍。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　从绝对湿度的角度上说,棉花和空气的蒸汽压力差是促使棉花除掉水分或增加水分的驱动力。水分一般从高蒸汽压力区向低蒸气压力区移动。如棉花周围的空气具有的水蒸气压力比湿棉花水分的蒸汽压力小,棉花内的水分就可以被干燥。增加空气温度会进一步增加棉花和周围空气之间的蒸汽压力差,可加快棉花干燥的速度。当棉花水分蒸汽压力等于周围空气的蒸汽压力时,棉花水分出现平衡状态,水分不会进出棉花。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　2.棉花对干燥作用反应的规律</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　美国西南轧花研究室完成了一系列试验,以确定静止的子棉瓣暴露在不同热风风速、不同风温和不同时间的热风中时,棉纤维对干燥作用反应的规律。试验表明,当子棉和热风混合处的热风温度为93.3℃、风速为6.1m/s时,棉纤维原始含水率在10%～20%,甚至达23%,均可在10s内被烘干到含水率在8%以下,约经过15s可烘到含水率在6%。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　控制烘干速度和烘干量的因素是:干燥空气(热风)的温度和相对湿度、热风风量和风速、棉花在热风中暴露的时间、进烘干机时的棉花含水量。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　棉花水分(不算棉花表面的积水)的干燥是以递减速度进行的。开始时速度快,随着棉花的逐渐干燥,干燥速度也逐渐变慢。从轧花观点考虑,棉纤维水分比棉子水分更重要。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; 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