<div><br></div><div><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　棉花是田间管理较为复杂的作物之一，但随着棉花新品种的培育、化学除草剂的推广应用和农业机械化的发展，有些农艺措施（如整枝等）可以减免，有的可以被除草剂或农业机械替代。简化栽培就是在保证产量基本不减的前提下，尽可能减少人工投入的一种栽培方法，适合在地多人少的地方推广。目前采用的简化栽培技术的主要做法是，选用适宜抗虫棉品种、降低种植密度、扩大行距、化学除草、保留叶枝、简化整枝等。因此，抗虫棉实现简化栽培是完全可能的。简化栽培的基本依据是，一是通过保留营养枝和合理化调，棉花的生育进程没有变化，但由于营养枝的生长发育使封行时间明显提早；二是营养枝制造的营养一部分可运输到地下供根系生长，棉花根系前期增长较快，根系相对发达，显著增加了棉花后期的载铃量，棉花后期不易出现早衰；三是简化栽培虽然使棉花的平均铃重和衣分略有降低，但总铃数较多，单产基本不减；四是简化栽培可减少管理用工，采用抗虫棉还可进一步减少用工和用药，降低成本。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　应当认识到，简化栽培是相对的，与“懒汉棉”、“不管棉”有本质的区别。“简化”不是不管不问，还需要掌握好以下技术环节：</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（１）选用适宜的品种。简化栽培要求保留全部营养枝，基本上不进行整枝，为便于管理，在选用棉花品种时要尽量选用株型相对紧凑、营养枝相对不发达的品种。目前比较合适的品种有新棉３３B、新棉９９B、鲁棉研１７号、鲁棉研１８号和鲁棉研２１号等，但密度宜适当降低。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（２）机械播种、化学除草。为达到一播全苗的目的，改原来的适期早播为适期晚播，改人工播种为机械播种，改分别播种、分别覆膜为播种、覆膜一次进行。一般山东棉区在４月１５日前后有一次强降温天气，这样就要求在冷空气过后播种，播种期在４月２０日前后，但不宜超过４月２５日。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　播种尽量采用脱绒包衣的种子，机械播种，播种量３～４千克／亩，播种后结合地膜覆盖喷施除草剂，齐苗后一次定苗。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（３）稳定密度、扩大行距。简化栽培的种植密度基本上可以沿用原有种植密度，一般为３０００株／亩，对于肥水地可适当降低密度，在２５００株／亩左右。但在种植时要适当扩大种植行距，一般要求等行距种植，行距９０～１００厘米。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　这一改变有几个优点：一是行距扩大后，株距必然减小，少量缺苗时，可由相邻的棉株弥补；二是行距大，便于棉田管理；三是提高棉田通风透光能力。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（４）重施基肥、简化施肥。春冬耕时一次施入全部有机肥和绝大多数的化肥作为基肥，在盛蕾期将剩余化肥一次追施，减少施肥用工，此次施肥也可与开花前的中耕培土结合起来进行。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（５）简化整枝。正常年份，整个生育期不去营养枝、不去赘芽、不打边心，只在适宜时期打顶，一般打顶时间不宜晚于７月２５日。多雨年份，可根据情况结合田间其他农艺措施的操作整枝１～２次。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（６）合理化调。通过施用缩节安调节棉花长势，使棉花营养生长与生殖生长协调发展，确保棉花在７月１５～２０日封行，棉花最终株高保持在１００厘米左右。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（７）简化中耕。于棉花盛蕾期结合培土，进行中耕除草，中耕培土一次完成。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; 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