<br><div><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　棉花生长期间，雹灾每年都有发生，虽然范围不大，造成的破坏却十分严重。据统计，山东省１９８０年以后，平均每年农田受雹灾面积５００多万亩。华北平原冰雹集中出现在５～７月，降雹次数占总出现次数的６０％以上，以６月份最多，其次是５月份，再次是７月份和４月份。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　由于棉花具有无限生长的特性，且根系深、茎秆硬，恢复力强，受雹灾后如及时加强管理，仍可获得较为可观的产量。要综合考虑棉花的受灾程度、降雹时间早晚和经济效益的得失等因素，来决定将要采取的具体措施。一般情况下，棉花受轻、中灾后，应及时加强管理，经济效益较好；５月下旬前受雹灾严重的棉田，以翻种夏棉效益最高，受灾较晚的以翻种夏玉米效益最高。受轻、中灾的棉花应采取以下管理措施：</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（１）突击中耕松土。降雹时大多伴随狂风暴雨，除直接损伤棉株外，还造成棉田土壤板结，湿度大，温度低，通气不良。晴天后，气温回升快，气温高于地温。救棉先救根，灾后要及时突击中耕松土，先将棉株根际板结层疏松起来，随后进行株间松土和行间中耕，通气散墒，松土增温，改变不利的环境条件，减少烂根，满足根系生长发育的需要，促使根系尽快长出新根，恢复生长。中耕宜浅不宜深，避免伤根太多。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（２）及时防治虫害。雹灾棉花恢复生长初期，叶小芽嫩，最怕蚜虫危害。灾后必须及时防治棉蚜危害。雹灾棉花生育期推迟，晚发嫩旺，抗虫棉的抗虫活力也较低，中后期棉铃虫和棉盲蝽危害较严重，要及时调查虫情，严格掌握防治指标，保证防治效果。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（３）适时进行追肥。为了改善雹灾棉花的营养条件，促进恢复生长，灾后５～７天，当棉株生理功能达到新的稳定平衡状态，多数棉株已长出新芽时，要及时追肥。最好氮肥和磷肥混施，每亩各１５～２０千克。氮、磷混施可提高叶片的同化能力，改善同化产物的运转分配。棉花达到盛花期，每亩再追施尿素１０～１３千克，加速中后期生育，促其快结铃，多结铃，增加产量。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（４）合理整枝修棉。对于棉株顶心未受损伤，仅叶片破损或果枝折断的轻灾棉田，主要是及时去除赘芽和叶枝，保留顶芽正常生长；对于顶心虽然受损伤，但保有破叶和少量果枝的棉株，可在上部发生新芽后，在主茎５、６、７叶位上选留１～２个健壮大芽代替顶芽生长；对于光秆断头的重灾类型棉株，须根据雹灾时期、生长状况、棉田肥力和留苗密度等情况，在适当部位选留适当数量的叶枝。现蕾前受雹灾光秆断头的棉株，在主茎中上部选留生长的１～２个新芽，最多不超过３个；初花期受雹灾光秆断头的棉株，由于生长季节有限，应本着多保早蕾早铃的原则，进行合理整修，在大部分新芽开始现蕾时，去掉无蕾小芽，选留有大蕾的大芽，适当早打顶心，这样可以多保有效早蕾，增加有效成铃。不论受灾程度和时期如何，在整枝修棉中，都要注意保护叶片，即使受害破损的叶片，也具有制造养分的功能。对于光秆断头的棉株，整枝修棉可以在新芽由黄变绿、叶片张开时进行比较适宜。受雹灾棉花晚发晚熟，可以在１０月份，每亩喷洒１５０～２００毫升乙烯利催熟，对提高霜前花率效果显著。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; 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