<section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　盐碱地植棉的最大难题是棉花出苗困难，苗期死苗严重，容易造成缺苗断垄。如何进行播种保苗成为盐碱地植棉的关键技术。盐碱地植棉有以下几种较为有效的播种保苗措施。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（１）播前淡水压盐。盐碱地植棉最大的问题是土壤表土层盐分含量过高，影响棉花成苗。进行大水压盐，可显著降低盐碱地表土层的含盐量。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（２）地膜覆盖。在灌水排盐和选用适宜品种的基础上，盐碱地植棉尽可能采用地膜覆盖，这是目前盐碱地植棉中最易被接受的播种保苗和增产技术，地膜覆盖具有明显的抑盐保苗效果。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（３）营养钵育苗移栽。棉花在三叶期以后，其茎部已木质化，抗盐能力明显增强。通过营养钵育苗培育棉花大苗进行育苗移栽，可大大提高棉花抵抗盐碱的能力，达到保苗目的。盐碱地育苗移栽一定要注意采用肥土大钵培育大龄棉苗，提高其抗盐能力。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（４）开沟躲盐种植。在土壤表层含盐量较高时可采用开沟躲盐方法进行植棉。此法是利用盐分向高处爬的水盐运动规律，采用起垄沟内播种，达到躲盐的植棉措施。它将盐分重的表土层集中于垄背上，从而相应淡化了播种层的盐分浓度。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（５）老沟种植。老沟种植法是在开沟躲盐植棉基础上发展起来的一种耕作方法。做法是，在沟中植棉，年终清田后继续保持原来沟埂的形状，不进行全面耕翻，年前仅在沟内进行浅耕或耘地以利保墒，而沟埂则保持原样不动，翌年春天结合沟内集中施肥进行浅耕，沟内经过耕翻及耙耢，削弱了毛细管作用而抑制了土壤返盐，埂上不进行耕翻而维持原状，土体结构相对保持完整。老沟种植不但明显降低了沟内种植区土壤的盐分，而且还能做到沟内集中施肥，可在短时期内显著提高沟内土壤肥力。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; 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