<section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　根据覆膜方式的不同，地膜覆盖可分平作覆盖、垄作覆盖、平覆沟种和沟覆沟种等方式。在生产上可依据棉田的土质、当地的生态条件及耕作习惯采用相应的种植方式。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　平作覆盖：在耙耢平整好的土地上按计划行距和覆盖度，直接顺行平铺薄膜覆盖地面。此方法操作简便，保墒、防风效果好，地膜下水分分布均匀，利于出苗，适合面积较大、排水良好的肥沃好地，这也是最为常用的覆膜方式。缺点是雨后膜面极易出现泥污，从而影响地膜的透明度。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　垄作覆盖：在盖膜前，平地起垄，然后再盖地膜。起垄的宽度可根据种植行距而定，有一垄单行覆膜种植和一垄双行覆膜种植。起垄高度可根据垄宽而定，一般１０～２０厘米，宽垄可高些，窄垄可低些。起垄种植的优点是显著增加了地面的受光面积，地温回升快，利于壮苗早发，同时起垄种植可避免膜面泥污，并利于排水。不足之处，一是起垄费工，增加了植棉成本；二是起垄过程中极易跑墒，特别是双行种植的棉田，棉花种于垄边，搞不好会因墒情不足而影响全苗。因此，起垄时，一要确保土壤墒情良好，二要起垄、平整、播种、覆膜连续作业，一次完成，尽量减少失墒。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　平覆沟种：它与平作差不多，只是在播种时平地开深沟播种，沟深６厘米，宽１０厘米，点种后，深播浅盖，覆土３厘米，然后顺行覆膜。这样棉苗出土后在膜下有一定的生长空间，可以在膜下生长一段时间，推迟放苗时间。此法比较适于山东滨海盐碱地，因为滨海盐碱地春季气温回升慢，终霜期较晚，加上盐碱，棉花较难拿苗，利用此法一来可使棉苗躲过低温，同时也可减轻盐分对棉苗的危害。但在５月１日前后如遇高温天气，要注意在棉苗上方打孔通风，但不放苗，以防止膜下温度过高而烧苗。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　沟覆沟种：此法较适用于重盐碱地，采用大沟大背种植。一般沟宽９０～１００厘米，背宽６０～７０厘米、高２５厘米，沟内覆膜种植两行棉花，这样就形成了大小行种植，大行为垄背，可利用盐分爬高的特点，使垄背积盐，从而减轻了沟中盐分对棉苗的危害。此法可在播种前结合大水压盐进行，但需注意在沟外挖好排水沟，以利在雨季及时排出种植沟内的积水。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; 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