<br><div><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　在棉花的一生中，出苗期和幼苗期是对盐碱最敏感的阶段，随着植株的长大和根系不断扎深，棉花耐盐碱能力逐渐增强。盐碱地棉田备播的首要目标就是要降低表层土壤的盐分含量，为棉花出苗及其前期生长发育创造良好的土壤环境条件。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（１）挖深沟排水。排水不仅有除盐的作用，而且可以防止土壤下层盐分向上移动。所以，排水是排除地表水，控制地下水，调节土壤水，改良盐碱地，防止土壤盐渍化的基础措施。挖沟排水是目前盐碱地区应用最多，效果较好，且工程投资少，设计、施工简便易行的一种排水方式。一般要求排水沟间距２００米左右，沟深１.５～３米。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（２）平整土地、深耕深翻。土地不平，盐碱地易在高处积盐形成盐斑，同时也不利于淡水压盐，在淡水压盐和耕地前要平整土地、铲除高岗。盐碱地宜在秋季或早冬进行深耕，耕后不必耙耢。一来可削弱土壤的毛细管作用，防止旱季盐分上返到耕层；二来可进行晒垡，促进土壤风化，利于盐分析出土壤，利于春季洗盐。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（３）淡水压盐。进行大水压盐可显著降低盐碱地表土层的含盐量。一般压盐于春季播种前进行，为节药用水，可以一水两用，达到压盐和造墒两个目的。用水量可根据土壤含盐量的多少而定，一般盐分含量０.１％～０.３％的轻盐碱地每亩灌水量掌握在４０～５０米３ ，盐分含量在０.３％～０.６％的中度盐碱地每亩灌水量５０～６０米3 ，盐分含量在０.６％以上的重盐碱地每亩灌水量掌握在６０～８０米3 。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（４）增施肥料、培肥地力。一般盐碱土有机质含量较低，有效磷更是贫乏，大水压盐在淋洗去盐分的同时也洗掉了一些有效的营养成分，所以盐碱地棉田普遍营养不足，在整地时必须加大肥料的投入。增施有机肥和磷肥，不仅可以培肥地力、改善土壤结构，而且还可以减轻盐碱对棉花的危害。肥料可于春季耕翻时翻入地下。一般亩施优质土杂肥３０００千克以上，碳酸氢铵５０～７５千克，标准磷肥５０千克左右。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></div>