<br><div><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　依据栽培制度需要、纤维品质要求、生物学特性和育种途径等，可从多个方面对棉花品种分类。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　按照生育期的长短，一般将棉花分为早熟品种（黄淮棉区又称为短季棉品种或夏棉品种）、中早熟品种、中熟品种和晚熟品种。早熟品种主要用于夏套栽培，中早熟品种主要用于春套栽培，中熟品种只能用于纯春棉栽培，晚熟品种生产上很少使用。山东滨海地区主要适合种植中早熟棉花品种（生育期１２０～１３０天），该地区短季棉品种可以用于晚春播栽培。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　依据抗性目前主要将棉花品种分为感病品种、抗病品种、非抗虫品种、抗虫品种和病虫双抗品种。山东棉区棉花的主要病害是枯萎病和黄萎病，当前生产上种植的品种一般是抗枯萎病、感黄萎病和抗枯萎病、耐黄萎病品种，既抗枯萎病又抗黄萎病的棉花品种还很少，２０世纪９０年代以后，又成功地育出转基因抗虫品种，并在生产上大面积推广。在抗病和抗虫性上，一般分为超高抗（免疫）、高抗、抗、耐、感、高感６个水平，其划分是在一定的压力环境下，通过与对照品种的比较鉴定来确定的。根据棉花品种的其他抗性特点，育种者在品种介绍中有时将该品种称之为抗蚜品种、抗旱品种、抗盐碱品种等，但目前在这些抗性方面还未形成公认的鉴定评价体系及指标。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　由于纤维品质是棉花最重要的经济性状之一，可满足纺织工业不同的纺纱用途，且商品价值差异较大，所以依据纤维品质对棉花品种分类越来越重要。一般按照纤维的长度及其强力和细度的合理搭配要求将陆地棉棉花品种分为３种类型，即短绒棉品种，HVICC校验水平下（下同），２.５％纤维跨长２５.５～２７.９毫米，比强度≥２６厘牛／特克斯，马克隆值４.０～５.３；中绒棉品种，２.５％纤维跨长２８.０～３０.９毫米，比强度≥３０厘牛／特克斯，马克隆值３.７～４.９；中长绒棉品种，２.５％纤维跨长３１.０～３３.９毫米，比强度≥３４厘牛／特克斯，马克隆值３.５～４.５。目前山东省推广种植的主要是中绒棉品种，采取地膜覆盖等促早栽培措施，多数棉区也适合种植适纺高支棉纱的中长绒棉品种。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　要求光照足、积温多、无霜期较长的长绒海岛棉品种，山东及我国大部分棉区都不适合种植。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　按照品种的选育途径及其遗传基础，一般将棉花品种分为常规品种和杂交品种（简称杂交种）。常规品种可以按照原种、一代种、二代种……的体系进行繁殖生产，杂交种主要是利用具有较高优势的F１代杂种，一般情况下F２代因减产严重而不提倡在生产上应用。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　另外，还可以依据一些主要形态性状对棉花品种进行分类，如依据棉株有无腺体可分为有腺体棉和无腺体棉（又称低酚棉）品种，依据棉絮颜色可分为白色棉和彩色棉品种，依据棉花叶型可分为常叶（鸭掌叶）棉和鸡爪叶棉品种，依据叶片颜色可分为绿叶棉和红叶棉品种等。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></div>