<br><div><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　转基因棉花品种是指携带人工分离、克隆、构建的外源目的基因，并在棉花中高效表达和稳定遗传的棉花品种。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　目前国内外生产上成功应用的主要有转基因抗虫和转基因抗除草剂棉花品种。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　目前使用的抗虫基因主要有两个来源，一个是来源于苏云金芽孢杆菌的Bt（Bacillus thuringiensis）基因，另一类是胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因。Bt基因对鳞翅目昆虫有专一杀伤作用，研究表明，转Bt基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫、红铃虫、玉米螟均有较高的抗性，我国培育成功并在生产上大面积推广种植的鲁棉研１５号、１６号、１７号、１８号、１９号、２０号、２１号和２２号，中棉所２９号、３０号、３８号，GK１２、GK１９等，均是携带Bt基因的单价抗虫棉品种。胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因的杀虫效果不如Bt基因，但比Bt的抗虫谱广，能毒杀多种鳞翅目和鞘翅目昆虫，其代表性基因是从豇豆中分离出的胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因CpTI。为了既保持Bt基因的高效杀虫效果，又提高抗虫的稳定性，中国农业科学院生物技术研究所将这两种抗虫基因结合在一起，构建了Bt＋CpTI双价抗虫基因，我国培育成功并在生产上大面积推广种植的中棉所４１号、４５号及SGK３２１等，均是携带双价基因的抗虫棉品种。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　由于棉田杂草种类繁多，除草剂的应用越来越广泛，但选择性除草剂极少，使用不当易损伤作物。转入抗除草剂基因，可极大地减轻除草剂对棉花的伤害。常用的抗除草剂基因有抗草甘膦、溴苯腈、磺胺脲类和２，４－D除草剂。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　虽然使用抗除草剂的棉花可以减少棉田管理上的用工与机械投入，节省生产成本，但大量使用除草剂容易造成地下水污染；此外，抗除草剂棉花的使用可能会使某些杂草灭绝，给生态平衡和遗传多样性带来不良后果。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></div>