<br><div><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　答 苎麻织物由于纤维结晶度大，取向度大，无定形区小，纤维粗，单根纤维的弯曲刚性指数和最大抗弯力都较大，纤维间抱合力差，使织物表面的毛羽长而多，与人体皮肤接触时产生刺痒感。改善苎麻织物刺痒感的基本方法是在前处理中加强烧毛(必要时可通过两次烧毛)使织物表面的毛羽除去。近年来发现酶洗和砂洗相结合的处理方法，既可提高织物柔软度，又能改善其刺痒感。利用纤维素酶结合砂洗剂处理苎麻织物，能消除织物表面暴露的纱线头及毛羽，使织物表面产生光滑感。因为酶是一种具有高效催化能力的生物蛋白质，它有催化作用，在一定条件下，它能使纤维素纤维中的β一l，4苷键水解。由于纤维素分子的部分水解而使晶区变小，纤维的抗弯力降低，刚性降低，使纤维变得柔软，使之与人体皮肤的接触面增大，减少对皮肤的刺激程度，从而改善了对皮肤的刺痒感。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　在酶洗及砂洗前，首先要将苎麻织物进行膨化处理。用浓度较低的硫酸对苎麻织物进行适度处理。其工艺条件为；5g／L硫酸、lg／L渗透剂JFC；温度90℃，时问10min。该膨化处理后可提高苎麻织物的经、纬向毛效。膨化后应充分洗去织物上的残酸，可用5g／L纯碱和lg／L AES表面活性剂，于50℃下中和洗涤10min。苎麻织物经膨化处理后用纤维酶处理。其工艺为：纤维素酶TC(美国)0．1％(owf)，35℃处理40min，pH值5．1，NaF lg／L；或用纤维素酶R一10(日本)0．O5％(owf)，50℃处理35min，pH值5．1，NaF 4g／L。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　砂洗用中性或弱酸性砂洗剂，用量3g／L，40℃处理40min。苎麻织物经砂洗后，手感和弹性都有明显提高。苎麻织物用生物酶洗和砂洗结合可改善织物刺痒感。如能在酶洗砂洗后再经一次柔软处理，能更好地改善织物的刚性，增强纤维的相对滑移，效果更好。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></div>