<div><br></div><div><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　问：某厂是西北地区生产绒线的专业工厂，此前一直使用兰化腈纶短纤和膨化腈纶毛条。该厂改用大庆腈纶短纤和膨体毛条，大庆腈纶原料无染色第三单体，饱和值仅1．7(兰化腈纶为2．3)，这给该厂在染色时造成一定影响，特别是枣红、黑色等许多深色号得色较浅，无法达到客户要求，以上现象如何调整工艺并加以解决?</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　答 在腈纶(即聚丙烯腈纤维)中，一般含丙烯腈单体(CH2--CH2一CN)在成纤共聚物的艮分子链中的重量比不低于85％，其他一种或一种以上的乙烯基系单体的重量比不高于15％，这是腈纶在化学组成方面的主要特征。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　腈纶大约在1950年开始投入工业化生产。工业化生产初期的纤维是用丙烯腈均聚物溶于二甲基甲酰胺中抽丝而制得。丙烯腈均聚物是仅用丙烯腈一种单体聚合而得的高分子化合物。丙烯腈均聚物纤维大分子之问具有很高的敛集密度，物理结构紧密，极难染色，加上性脆、结节和环扣强度不好，工业化开始的头几年发展速度很慢。后来通过研究发现，丙烯腈与其他乙烯基系单体的二元或三元共聚物能够显著改进上述各种性能，因此后来腈纶获得很好的发展。现在世界各地生产的聚丙烯腈纤维，都是以丙烯腈与少量其他乙烯基系单体的共聚物纤维。事实上，许多工业化生产的腈纶中，丙烯腈的含量都在90％以上(即第一单体)；第二单体一般选用含酯基的乙烯系单体，如丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、醋酸乙烯酯等。这类单体可改进纤维弹性、减少脆性、增加热塑性、有利于热延伸、切断、成条、制造膨体纱等。由于酯基的存在，有利于用分散染料染色。第三单体一般选用某些可离子化的乙烯基系单体，如丙烯酸、亚甲基二酸、丙烯磺酸、甲基丙烯磺酸、乙烯苯磺酸、对甲基丙烯酰胺等酸性基团。这类酸性基单体在共聚物分子链中引进如羧酸基(一COOH)或磺酸基(一SO3H)，可改进腈纶的亲水性和可使用的阳离子或碱性染料的染色。第三单体中也有碱性基团的乙烯系单体，如丙烯酰胺、乙烯基氮苯、乙烯基丁内酰胺等，这些单体在共聚物腈纶中，可用酸性染料、直接染料和还原染料染色。但在腈纶中，这类品种甚少。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　国产兰化腈纶的分子组成为：丙烯腈占93％、丙烯酸甲酯为5．7％，亚甲基丁二酸(衣康酸钠)为1．3％，纤维饱和值为2．3。而国产大庆腈纶我们还没有看到资料，你们认为大庆腈纶无第三单体、纤维饱和值为1．7。不知有何依据?如果没有第三单体为什么可以染浅色，枣红与黑色只是染深性差，不是一点不上染，由此推测大庆腈纶中第三单体还是有的，只是化学成分不同。查有关资料介绍，腈纶饱和值为1．7时，其纤维分子组成为：丙烯腈93％、丙烯酸甲酯为6％、丙烯酸萘磺酸钠1．0％。由此可见，大庆腈纶不是没有第三单体，而是第三单体改用丙烯酸萘磺酸钠，因此纤维的染深性差，只适宜于染中、浅色品种。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　有资料介绍，腈纶的饱和值在2．0以下时，染深色较为困难。但由于染色工艺条件对能否充分利用纤维上的染色位置有很大的关系，因此在实际生产上可采取以下措施，使纤维上的酸性基团充分与染料反应，以获得深色。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　(1)延长沸染时间。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　(2)降低染浴酸度，使酸性基团能充分离子化并与染料反应。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　(3)加入β一萘酚、碳酸乙二酯等导染剂。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　(4)提高染色温度，如采用108～110℃下染色。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　(5)染色时不加季铵盐一类匀染剂。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　以上几点染色措施供试验参考，如果还是不能染深，请与大庆腈纶生产厂联系，请他们介绍该厂生产的腈纶究竟用何种第三单体，如果真的没有第三单体，可用分散染料染色，但染深性能可能还是不够理想。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></div>