<div><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　（一)羊毛的含杂</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　羊毛是一种含杂较多的天然纤维，主要跟羊的生长环境和饲养条件有关。原毛中含有主要杂质是脂汗、砂土、灰分和植物质等，它们的存在既影响羊毛的工艺加工，也影响成纱质量和织物外观。因此，在原毛的初加工中要予以去除上述杂质，即原毛要经过净洗，制成为洗净毛。羊毛的含杂可以用净毛率来反映。在国际贸易中，计算净毛率，必须精确地测定洗净毛中所含水分、油脂、植物质和灰分等的含量，对照国际上规定的标准量，不符合规定的，要在羊毛质量中扣除。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　国外多用钻孔取样进行净毛率试验。用钻孔器从包中抽取一定重量的原毛试样，洗涤后，分别用洗净毛的标准按一定的规定，以洗净毛作为计算基础，称为毛基。净毛率的通常计算公式：</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br></p></section></div><div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/fzmlsj1378.png"></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/fzmlsj1379.png"></div><div><br></div><div><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　净毛率是一项评定羊毛经济价值的重要指标，对工厂成本核算和纺织品的用毛量关系极为密切。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　(二)蚕丝的含杂</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　每一根蚕丝都是由两种主要物质组成——丝素与丝胶，丝素是纤维的主体，丝胶包覆在丝素外面起保护作用。其次还有少量的蜡质和脂肪，可以保护茧丝免受大气的侵蚀，此外还包含少量的色素和灰分等。以上这些物质的含量并不固定，常随蚕茧的品种以及饲养的情况而有变化。一般桑蚕丝和柞蚕丝的物质组成情况可参见表1—11。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br></p></section></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/fzmlsj1380.png"></div><div style="text-align: center; "><br></div><div><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　在这些组成物质中，只有丝素是丝织物所需要的，丝胶以及组成蚕丝的其他成分在最后均需除去。因为丝胶有保护丝素的作用，因此一般织物都要到最后染色与整理时才脱去丝胶。在制丝过程中，应尽量使茧丝中的丝胶少溶失，便于保护丝素，有利于增强生丝在织造加工中的耐磨性，这种织物称为生织物或生货。也有部分熟织物是用生丝脱去丝胶(称精炼丝)后再进行织造加工的，其织物称为熟织物或称熟货。一般采用这一工艺的都是要求有多种颜色的织物，因其所需颜色的种类无法在织物染色中得到满足。每一根茧丝内外层的丝胶含量是不等的，一般从内层到外层，茧丝中丝胶的含量是逐渐增加的。因此缎丝时应注意采用内外层茧子的搭配并合来使生丝的细度(纤度)稳定。柞蚕丝的丝胶含量比桑蚕丝要少得多，所以柞蚕丝在加工中要特别注意丝素纤维的抱合问题。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; 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