<section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 影响轧液均匀度的因素很多,如轧压压力、轧辊表面硬度以及轧辊刚度等。而轧辊的刚度,则是影响轧液均匀度的主要结构因素。因此,提高轧辊刚度是提高轧液均匀度的根本措施。但是,这又会引起整个轧车结构的笨重,增加能量的消耗和搬运安装的困难。从轧辊结构考虑,在不过分增大其截面的前提下,尽可能减少轧辊的挠度,以提高轧液均匀度,是优化轧辊设计的重要课题之一。目前常采用的有中高轧辊、中支轧辊和中固轧辊等。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><img src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzsb3020.png" _src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzsb3020.png" data-ratio="0.5179704016913319" data-w="473" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 464.444px; max-inline-size: 100%; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important; height: auto !important;"></p><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 由于普通轧辊两端受集中载荷,辊体受均布载荷,易产生弯曲变形。这种弯曲变形,使轧辊间的线压力形成中间小两端大的分布,造成轧液不匀。图3-19(a)是中高轧辊示意图。这种轧辊的辊体做成中间大、两头小的橄榄状。由于辊体的直径中间大于两端,迫使中间线压力增加而两端线压力减小。如果中间的修正值选择合适,使它与轧辊加压后弯曲变形的挠度值相同,即可以使辊体工作表面均匀接触,轧点接触线完全吻合,取得轧液均匀的效果,如图3-19(b)所示。在实际生产中,轧车的压力常常因工艺条件的变化而改变。但这种轧辊结构简单,制造方便,在印染厂使用比较普遍。<br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 图3-20是中支轧辊的结构示意图。这种轧辊辊体的支点内移,相当于减小了房梁的跨距。在同样的载荷条件下,挠度减小,即减小了轧液的不均匀度。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><img src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzsb3021.png" _src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzsb3021.png" data-ratio="0.8523076923076923" data-w="325" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-inline-size: 100%; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important; height: auto !important;"></p><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 将辊体简化成简支梁,其受力状况如图3-21所示,挠度只是减小,而未消失。因此,整个纬向的轧液均匀性问题并未解决。但是,如果能使轧辊的中间挠度和两端挠度相等,则可以解决中浅边深的色差。通过计算可知,此时轧辊的挠度已大大减小,其最大值仅为普通轧辊的20%,因此,对提高轧液均匀度有一定的效果。设辊体长度为l,则此时辊体两支点的内移量为:</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><img src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzsb3022.png" _src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzsb3022.png" data-ratio="0.7008086253369272" data-w="371" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-inline-size: 100%; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important; height: auto !important;"></p><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 图3-22是中固轧辊的结构示意图。它的辊体,仅中部一段与辊轴紧固连接。与普通轧辊相比较,中固轧辊的挠度最大值只有普通轧辊的1/3～1/4,对提高轧液均匀度有一定的效果。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><img src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzsb3023.png" _src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzsb3023.png" data-ratio="0.696969696969697" data-w="363" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-inline-size: 100%; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important; height: auto !important;"></p><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 值得一提的是,中支轧辊和中固轧辊的加工和装配要求都比较高,而且都只是在一定程度上提高了轧液均匀度。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section>