<p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 子棉经预处理工序后就进入轧花工序加工。轧花就是利用机械作用使生长在棉子上的长纤维与棉子分离,形成皮棉,同时保留棉子上的短绒。将棉子与长纤维分离的机械叫轧花机。<br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 一、轧花机理<br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 轧花工序的基本任务是使长纤维与棉子分离,实现这一目的必须具备两方面条件,即内因和外因两方面。<br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 长纤维与棉子分离的内因是棉纤维本身的绝对强力必须大于纤维在棉子上的固着强力。这取决于子棉本身的物理性状。棉纤维是由种子表皮细胞延伸而成的,其基部是子棉表皮细胞的一部分,如图8-1所示,可以看出,棉纤维基部比较薄弱,有利于纤维脱离棉子表皮。因此,轧花时,纤维基部稍上部分最易断裂。实验数据也证明了这一点。单根纤维在棉子上的固着力是其本身断裂强度的40%～60%,一束纤维的绝对强力是固着强力的12～15倍。棉纤维这一内因条件是纤维与棉子分离的必要条件,也是指导轧花工作的基本原理。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><img src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/tu8-1.png" _src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/tu8-1.png" data-ratio="1.3604651162790697" data-w="258" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important; height: auto !important;"></p><section align="left" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">&nbsp;</p></section><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 子棉纤维的固着力与其干燥程度有很大关系,潮湿的子棉,其纤维强力及固着力均高于干燥的子棉。纤维在棉子上图8-1&nbsp; 棉纤维基部与棉子壳的结构 的固着力还与其生着部位有关,棉子尖端的固着力大于棉子中部的固着力。因此,尖端的纤维一般不易轧下。棉子钝端(合点端)壳薄,棉纤维的固着力小,轧花时钝端的纤维易与棉子分离,但子壳易破碎,产生破子和纤维子屑。<br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 长纤维与棉子分离的外因条件是必须有机械的作用,使纤维与棉子同时受到外力作用,且这些外力作用在棉子表皮纤维基部的合力大于纤(1)棉子被阻挡的同时,纤维受外力牵拉。<br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (2)纤维和棉子同时受外力作用而运动,由于外力的大小、方向及纤维与棉子的质量不同,两者产生速度差,形成相对运动,使棉纤维与棉子分离。<br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (3)纤维受到外力牵拉的同时,棉子在另一方向上受到外力冲击。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section>