<p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　答 表面活性剂的毒性包括急性中毒LD50、鱼毒性LC50和细菌藻类的毒性ECO50等。表面活性剂的毒性大小顺序为：阳离子型表面活性剂&gt;阴离子型表面活性剂&gt;非离子型表面活性剂。<br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　急性中毒又称半致死量，以LD50表示，是指被试验的动物(大白鼠、小白鼠)一次口服、注射或皮肤涂抹药剂后产生急性中毒有半数(5％)死亡所需该药剂的量。几种表面活性剂的毒性LD50。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><img src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzynd6z3.png" _src="http://dayaotex-img.gz.bcebos.com/article/fffspic/rzynd6z3.png" data-ratio="0.760806916426513" data-w="694" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; cursor: pointer; width: 444px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important; height: auto !important;"></p><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　鱼毒性LC50是指表面活性剂随废水排放会对包括鱼类在内的水生物造成影响，一般表面活性剂使水的表面张力下降至50mN／m时，鱼类就难以生存。鱼毒性以LC50表示，测试方法见ISO 73461-3，如对淡水鱼(斑乌鱼)的中毒测定，表面活性剂的浓度为1mg／kg时死亡10％，2mg／kg时死亡40％ ，4mg／kg时死亡90％，8mg／kg时死亡100％。又如表面活性剂对鲤鱼的毒性100％死亡浓度极限为：LAS为4．0mg／L，油醇PEO(4)硫酸钠5mg／L，十二醇PEO(10) 磷酸钠16mg／L，壬基酚PEO(9)醚3mg／L，壬基酚PEO(21)醚160 mg／L，油酸PEO(9)酯200mg／L。其中以LAS、壬基酚PEO(9)醚为原料制成的各种助剂鱼毒性危害较大。<br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　表面活性剂对水生细菌蚤类的毒性常以ECO50表示，如24hECO50表示物质相应时间内对大型蚤运动抑制的影响，一般毒性在1～67mg／kg范围内，因此，一般表面活性剂对水生蚤类都有一定的毒性。</span></p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section>