<p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1、定义：纺织品是在织机上由相互垂直的两个系统的纱线，按一定的规律交织而成，也就是经纬线按一定规律地相互沉浮，使织物表面形成一定的纹路和花纹，这种组织称为织物组织。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2、织物组织分类：</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">① 原组织：是最简单的织物组织，又称基本组织。它包括平纹组织、斜纹组织和缎纹组织三种。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">② 小花纹组织：是由上面三种基本组织变化，联合而形成的。如山形斜纹布、急斜纹。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">③ 复杂组织：又包括二重组织（多织成厚绒布，棉绒毯等）、起毛组织（如灯芯绒布）、毛巾组织（毛巾织物）、 双层组织（毛巾织物）和纱罗组织。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">④ 大花纹组织：也称提长花组织，多织出花鸟鱼虫、飞禽走兽等美丽图案。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">⑤ 缎纹组织：布表面光滑但不结实、易刮伤、易起毛。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3、 织物的密度：密度指织坯成品单位长度中经纱和纬纱的根数，常用10平方厘米或1平方英寸中纱线根数表示。床上用品织物常见密度：30S纱78*65，78*54，20S纱60*60，40S纱90*90、110*80、133*72，28S纱70*60，单位：根/1英寸 。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4、 织物的回潮率，公定重量。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">① 回潮率=（湿重-干重）/干重×100%</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">公定回潮率：棉纱8.5%，棉布8%，涤棉纱65/35布匹3.06%，涤棉50/50，布匹4.2%</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">② 公定重量：织物在公定回潮率下的重量为公定重量。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">二、纺织品分类：</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1、 按用途可分为衣着用纺织品、装饰用纺织品、工业用品三大类；</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">① 衣着用纺织品包括制作服装的各种纺织面料以及缝纫线、松紧带、领衬、里衬等各种纺织辅料和针织成衣、手套、袜子等。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">② 装饰用纺织品在品种结构、织纹图案和配色等各方面较其他纺织品更要有突出的特点，也可以说是一种工艺美术品。可分为室内用品、床上用品和户外用品，包括家居布和餐厅浴洗室用品，如：地毯、沙发套、椅子、壁毯、贴布、像罩、纺品、窗帘、毛巾、茶巾、台布、手帕等；床上用品包括床罩、床单、被面、被套、毛毯、毛巾被、枕芯、被芯、枕套等。户外用品包括人造草坪等。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">③ 工业用纺织品使用范围广，品种很多，常见的有蓬盖布、枪炮衣、过滤布、筛网、路基布等。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2、 按生产方式不同分为线类、带类、绳类、机织物、纺织布等六类：</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">① 线 类：纺织纤维经纺纱加工而成纱，两根以上的纱捻合成线；</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">② 带 类：窄幅或管状织物，称为带类；</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">③ 绳 类：多股线捻合而成绳；</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">④ 机织物：采用经纬相交织造的织物称为机织物；</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">⑤ 针织物：由纱线成圈相互串套而成的织物和直接成型的衣着用品为针织物；</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">⑥ 无纺布：不经传统纺织工艺，而由纤维铺网加工处理而形成的薄片纺织，称为无纺织布。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三、织物的经纱或纬纱</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">各种织品都有长度和宽度，与布边平行的长度称为匹长，匹长的方向就为织物径向；与布边相垂直的长度称其幅宽，幅宽的方向为织物的纬向。在织布时，用于径向的纱为经纱，用于纬向的纱称为纬纱。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">四、织物的缩水</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1、织物的缩水率</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">织物的缩水率是指织物在洗涤或浸水后，织物收缩的百分数。一般来说，缩水率最大织物是合成纤维及其混纺织品，其次是毛织品、麻织品，棉织品居中，缩水较大，而最大的是粘胶纤维、人造棉、人造毛类织品。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2、织品产生缩水的因素：</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">① 织物的原材料不同，缩水率不同。一般来说，吸湿性大的纤维，浸水后纤维膨胀，直径增大，长度缩短，缩水率就大。如有的粘胶纤维吸水率高达13%，而合成纤维织物吸湿性差，其缩水率就小。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">② 织物的密度不同，缩水率也不同。如经纬向密度相近，其经纬向缩水率也接近。经密度大的织品，经向缩水就大，反之，纬密大于经密的织品，纬向缩水也就大。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">③ 织物纱支粗细不同，缩水率也不同。纱支粗的布缩水率就大，纱支细的织物缩水率就小。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">④ 织物生产工艺不同，缩水率也不同。一般来说，织物在织造和染整过程中，纤维要拉伸多次，加工时间长，施加张力较大的织物缩水率就大，反之就小。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">五、怎样识别织物：</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">织物的手感是人们用来鉴别织物的品质质量的一项重要内容。具体地说，用手触摸织物的感觉在心理上的反应，由于织物的品种不同，质量高低也各有差异，织物的手感效果，也就有较大区别。手感有以下几个方面：</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">①织物身骨是否挺括和松弛；②织物表面的光滑与粗糙；③织物的柔软与坚硬；④织物的薄与厚；⑤织物的冷与暖；⑥织物对皮肤有刺激与无刺少激的感觉。例如：手抚摸着真丝纺品有凉的感觉；纯毛织物有暖的感觉；手感细而平滑的确良棉织品多是高支纱织拷制成；手感粗糙的多为低支纱的织品。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">另外，人们还可借助力的作用，用手拉伸，抓纹等动作，再通过眼的观察，手的感觉，可以判断织物的弹性、强度、抗皱性及纤维类别等。但总的来说，手感是选购面料和服装时最重要的手段。</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p>