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全部资讯   / 化纤仿真丝织物的设计与生产 下篇

化纤仿真丝织物的设计与生产 下篇

2023-06-27 11:13:18

<p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"></span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="128748"><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 38px;"><img class="assistant" style="width: 100%; display: block; vertical-align: inherit;" src="https://bcn.135editor.com/files/images/editor_styles/6ef185bda01118d21ff020706dd7147a.gif" data-width="100%" draggable="false" _src="https://bcn.135editor.com/files/images/editor_styles/6ef185bda01118d21ff020706dd7147a.gif"></section></section><section style="display: flex;"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;display: flex;align-items: flex-end;"><section style="width: 0px; height: 1px; border-right: 10px solid rgb(233, 244, 255); border-top: 10px solid transparent; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(34, 37, 43); background-color: rgb(233, 244, 255); padding: 3px 15px;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">涤纶仿真丝产品的生产工艺要点</strong></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">1.纺织工艺流程</span></strong></p><p><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/1b9a4f81de63702e006476252a7a78a.jpg?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2023-06-27T03%3A13%3A12Z%2F-1%2F%2F7a8d29893ed769f5136b6ee5ae4a57ce8c82c05d18ddbfbc0104eefa68b05e88" style="width: 1001px;" data-filename=""><br></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">2.纺织工艺要点</span></strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"> 要严格控制各道工序丝线的张力,以小而均匀为好。导丝器选用光滑、静电小的材料,并随时注意清洁与检修。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(1)加捻:为了便于生产,同时又显示织物的风格,纬丝一般加强捻。加捻时可适当补充油分,以增加丝身的润滑性;加捻机上应加衬锭,对丝线附加一定的张力,以防止强捻丝线的扭缩,并能使丝线表面挺直圆滑。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(2)定捻:加强捻后的涤纶长丝,需进行热定形和自然定形。一般涤纶长丝的热定形在真空热定形机上进行,温度在90℃左右,时间为80min左右;定形后的筒子再经倒筒,进行自然定形,放置三天以上即可使用。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(3)浆丝:为防止经丝打卷和起毛,加强捻的经丝在热定形之后还要上轻浆,上浆率可控制在6%左右。如采用喷水织机织造,应选用共聚浆料,如醋酸乙烯-丙烯酰胺共聚浆料,以保证在织造时不溶解和发粘。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(4)络纬:加强捻的纬丝需在自动卷纬机上络纬,络纬时需调节纱线张力。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">3.染整工艺流程</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">坯布准备→退浆精练、水洗→预缩(起绉)→脱水开幅→预定形→碱减量→水洗、中和、脱水→染色或印花→脱水开幅→柔软→烘干定形→成检包装</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">4.染整工艺要点</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(1)退浆精练:细旦纤维织物必须经过完全充分的退浆,才能满足后道整理工序的要求。退浆时,应选用对油剂、蜡质溶化力强的精练剂,国内主要使用碱剂和净洗剂。精练加工后织物</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; caret-color: red;">的残留脂蜡率在0.2%以下,可保证染色时不会发生拒水和染色斑。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; caret-color: red;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(2)起绉:对于细旦仿真丝双绉类织物,织物起绉效果的好坏至关重要。起绉工序的车速应根据设备状况确定,以满足织物获得较大的织物幅缩(10%~12%)、织物外观绉纹细腻、织物手感柔软等要求。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(3)预定形:预定形工序的目的是用来消除前工序产生的折痕,并使织物风格与尺寸稳定。预定形在碱减量之前进行,有利于提高织物的强度、弹性和柔软性,且有助于碱减量均匀。一般预定形温度应高于整个加工过程中热处理温度10℃左右,约150~170℃,时间45s。预定形加工中,还要注意超喂,使织物保持松弛状态。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(4)碱减量:碱减量工序是涤纶仿真丝织物提高仿真效果的关键工序,直接影响到成品的柔软性和悬垂性。采用细旦丝作原料时,织物的悬垂性、透气性、柔软性、光泽都较常规涤纶丝仿真丝织物更好,同时,为减少产品的强度损失率,碱减量程度可控制得较轻,一般在10%~20%之间(圆形涤纶丝织物的碱减量要达20%左右),应以织物既有较好的手感,又有一定身骨和服用强度为基准。一般来说,紧密织物的减量率要大些,稀疏织物宜小些,如双绉、乔其纱、缎类织物的减量率为15%~20%,稀疏的平纹、斜纹织物仅5%~12%即可。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(5)染色:细旦纤维较常规纤维有较大的表面积,所以在染色时染色速度快,上染率高,表观色泽浅,对温度的相关性小,染色牢度较差。为使细旦化纤仿真丝绸织物获得良好的色泽深度、均匀性、色牢度,应对染色工艺作相应的调整。为保证染色均匀,要在染浴中加入匀染剂,适当加大染料量,降低初染温度及升温速度,提高喷射染色机中织物运行速度,保证绳状织物落布均匀。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(6)后整理:细旦纤维仿真丝织物一般不需特殊后整理。轻薄的绸、绉类产品也可在碱减量后再进行柔软、亲水等整理,以使织物更加轻柔飘逸,透气透湿,穿着舒适。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"></span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="128748"><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section class="assistant" style="width: 38px;"><img class="assistant" style="width: 100%; display: block; vertical-align: inherit;" src="https://bcn.135editor.com/files/images/editor_styles/6ef185bda01118d21ff020706dd7147a.gif" data-width="100%" _src="https://bcn.135editor.com/files/images/editor_styles/6ef185bda01118d21ff020706dd7147a.gif" draggable="false" data-ratio="1" data-w="363"></section></section><section style="display: flex;"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;display: flex;align-items: flex-end;"><section style="width: 0px; height: 1px; border-right: 10px solid rgb(233, 244, 255); border-top: 10px solid transparent; overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(34, 37, 43); background-color: rgb(233, 244, 255); padding: 3px 15px;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">涤纶仿真丝织物设计实例</strong></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">1.仿真丝超细旦防羽绒织物</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(1)产品风格及用途:要求仿真丝超细旦防羽绒织物绸面丰满、滑糯,光泽柔和,手感舒适柔软,仿真丝效果逼真,布面细密,具有不出羽绒、免烫、易洗涤等特点。适宜做轻薄、保暖的羽绒服面料,也可做休闲服、风衣、春秋套装面料。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(2)原料选择:经纬丝线均选用超细旦涤弹网络丝,该丝具有弯曲刚度小、手感柔软、悬垂性好、比表面积大、吸湿性好、光泽柔和等特点。经丝选择55.6dtex(50旦)/72f涤弹网络丝,纬丝选择83.3dtex(75旦)/144f涤弹网络丝,1200捻/m,以2S2Z排列丝线。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(3)织物规格设计:由于织物绸面要求细密、丰满,不出羽绒,只有经纬丝密度达到一定数值,才能达到织物的设计与使用要求,故设计织物经密为584根/10cm,纬密为410根/10cm,经纬向密度比为1.2:1,选择坯布幅宽167cm,织物重为131g/㎡,采用平纹组织。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(4)生产工艺要点:经纬原料均为超细旦纤维丝,加工工序较多,经过多次拉伸及加捻、摩擦处理,容易发生断头。因此,整个加工过程,宜采用“低张力、细操作”的方法,精选导丝器材,并确保其表面清洁,以保障生产顺利进行。</span></p><p><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always"></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">2.涤锦复合超细纤维仿真丝织物</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(1)产品风格及用途:要求仿真丝素绉缎的手感柔软,悬垂性好,易洗抗皱,具有真丝般的光泽及良好的吸湿透气性能,表面呈双面双色效应,有暗花,风格独特。主要应用于女装,如上衣、套装、旗袍、裙子等。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(2)原料选择:为使织物更好地体现外观风格,采用涤/锦超细复合丝与普通涤纶长丝进行交织,通过整理后的染色差异形成暗花。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">经丝采用83dtex/35f的涤/锦复合超细旦长丝,纬丝采用167dtex/96f涤纶长丝,180捻/10cm,以2S2Z排列丝线。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(3)织物规格设计:经丝密度设计为940根/10cm,纬丝密度设计为350根/10cm,织物组织选择经面缎纹+绉组织,选择坯布幅宽167cm。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;"><br></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;;">(4)生产工艺要点:由于经丝采用复合超细旦丝,丝线根数多,单线强度低,退解时,易相互粘连甚至摩擦断头,因此整经时线速度不要太高,同时,在保证生产正常的情况下,张力愈小愈好。浆丝时,吸浆量较大,为保证浆后丝条有良好的抱合性和集束性,要控制好上浆率,适当偏高掌握。整理过程中,涤/锦复合超细丝的开纤会直接影响织物成品的效果,涤/锦复合丝的开纤是通过碱减量和一定温度来达到的,碱液的作用使纤维表面产生凹凸不平,涤/锦两者界面产生松弛,一定的温度可使涤、锦纤维受热收缩不一致而分开;碱减量要以不损伤纤维的强力为前提,保证丝线充分开纤,发挥特色。实验表明,碱减量率为12%,能达到完全开纤,使织物手感柔软,光泽柔和,强力较好。碱减量前需经过预定形,平衡收缩应力,稳定织物尺寸,提高织物弹性,增强手感。</span></p>

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