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2023-06-26 15:04:00
<section style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 10px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 30px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1、粘胶纤维的基本原料:</strong></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.034em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">粘胶纤维是再生纤维素纤维之一类,此外纤维素类纤维还包括铜氨纤维及醋酯纤维等半合成纤维。凡是富含纤维素的天然植物几乎都可以作为再生纤维素纤维与半合成纤维的原材料,仅为棉短绒、棉杆皮,针叶树与阔叶树的树干、树枝,竹子的杆茎,榨完糖后的甘蔗残渣、芦苇茎以及汉麻、亚麻及苎麻等各种蔴类的杆茎等的一部分。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 10px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 30px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2、粘胶纤维简要生产工艺及常规粘胶纤维:</strong></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">通常粘胶纤维的制造是先将前述富含纤维素的天然植物材料进行化学精炼,去除其中的木质素、蜡质、灰分等,制成以分子量较高的α-纤维素为主要成分的浆粕——木浆、棉浆、竹浆或麻浆等。将浆粕用NaOH碱化处理制成碱纤维素,并经过压榨去除可溶于18%浓度碱液的,分子量较低的半纤维素(β及γ-纤维素)。再在规定的温度和时间条件下,在空气存在的氛围使纤维素的聚合度适度降低,并使其分子量分布均匀化,被称为“老成化”处理。而后用二硫化碳与碱纤维素进行黄酸化反应制成可溶解于稀碱溶液中的纤维素磺酸钠,继而在碱液中完成溶解--熟成--过滤--脱泡等过程制成可供纺丝的溶液——粘胶。而后采用湿法纺丝工艺,将从喷丝板小孔中吐出的纺丝原液(粘胶)细流挤入到由硫酸-硫酸钠-硫酸锌等组成的凝固浴中,纤维素磺酸钠遇硫酸后脱出硫酸钠,重新再生为纤维素而凝固。凝固浴中的硫酸钠和硫酸锌的加入是起盐析作用,除去初生纤维中的水分和延缓再生纤维素成形过程的作用,用以控制初生纤维的结构均匀性,成形过程的条件对于粘胶纤维的结构与性能有重要影响。初生纤维再经拉伸--水洗--上油--干燥等工序得到成品粘胶纤维。粘胶纤维的成形过程包括了化学反应、传质与传热过程和凝胶化的物理化学过程。其起始原材料为纤维素,经过一系列的化学的和物理的加工后得到纤维的化学结构仍然是纤维素,只是其分子量及其分布以及取向度、结晶度等超分子结构发生了变化,再生纤维素纤维的名称也因此而得。复杂成形过程的不均匀性会使粘胶纤维的断面呈无规状,结构松散,纤维内部有孔洞,纵向表面显示出无规的褶皱与沟槽状。</span></p><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纤维素是由纤维贰糖结构单元构成,每个纤维贰糖有六个亲水性羟基,从而使其具有优良的吸湿性、易染,但是其模量低,强度较低,尤其是湿模量和湿强度低。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">粘胶纤维依用途不同有长丝及短纤维之别,依性能又有常规粘胶纤维、高强纤维、高湿模量纤维及高强-高模纤维等品种,它们对原料及成形加工工艺均有特殊要求。近年来又涌现出了阻燃粘胶纤维、抗菌防臭粘胶纤维、珍珠粘胶纤维、相变粘胶纤维等功能性粘胶纤维。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 10px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 30px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3、莫代尔(model)纤维:</strong></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">莫代尔纤维只是粘胶纤维的一个品种,是高湿模量粘胶纤维的商品名之一,它区别于普通粘胶纤维的是改善了普通粘胶纤维在润湿状态下的低强度、低模量的不足,故常称为高湿模量粘胶纤维。不同生产厂家的同类商品还有不同称谓,例如波利诺西克、富强纤维、虎木棉及纽代尔(Newdal)等品名。</span><o:p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></o:p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">高湿模量粘胶纤维的生产过程有别于一般粘胶纤维的是:(1)纤维素浆粕具有较高的平均聚合度(约为450);(2)制备的纺丝原液具有较高的浓度;(3)不同的凝固浴组成(如提高其中硫酸锌的含量)并降低凝固浴温度,以延缓纤维成形速度,利于得到如图4所示内部无微孔,无明显皮、芯层的较均匀致密结构,结晶度较高。纤维横截面趋于腰圆形,纵向表面无褶皱、光滑。该纤维即使在湿态下也有较高强度和模量。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 10px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 30px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4、汉瑪秆粘胶纤维:</strong></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">从汉蔴杆韧皮得到的中空天然汉蔴纤维可以直接用于纺织材料,从图中可以见到,单纤维硬挺,表面不光滑,内部有中空孔洞,这或许就是蔴纤维吸湿排汗性能好的缘由吧。汉蔴杆含有大量的纤维素,经化学及物理方法处理去除其中的木质素、胶质及灰分等化学杂质和机械杂质后,可以获得以α-纤维素为主体的,可作为制造粘胶纤维的原材料——浆粕,可见它由许多扁平且扭曲的微细纤维组成。利用一般粘胶纤维生产工艺,便可以制成粘胶纤维。汉蔴粘胶纤维的横截面呈现出带有许多褶皱的,完全无规的非圆形截面,褶皱状的纵向侧表面表现出许多沟槽状的结构。与天然汉蔴纤维的断面结构以及纵表面结构完全不同,但与棉浆、木浆、竹浆等其他粘胶纤维断面及纵表面结构相似,但是断面结构内显得比较密实,无微孔结构。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">天然汉蔴秆加工成汉蔴粘胶纤维过程中经受了一系列化学的和物理的加工,结构与性能上受到很大损伤,强力降低、结晶度降低、大分子排列较稀疏,回潮率提高,属于与普通粘胶纤维相似的再生纤维素纤维。原有的一些天然特性会遭到破坏,纤维的除臭、抗菌、防紫外线功能必然会有不同程度的下降。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 10px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 30px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5、竹浆粕及竹粘胶纤维:</strong></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 0.578px; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.034em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">以天然竹茎为原料经化学及物理加工去除其中的木质素、胶质及灰分等化学杂质及机械杂质,制成高α-纤维素含量的浆粕,同样可作为制造粘胶纤维的原材料,它是由许多微细的纤维组成。竹浆粕的形态结构不同于汉麻杆浆粕。利用一般粘胶纤维生产工艺便可制成粘胶纤维。竹粘胶纤维的横截面呈现出完全无规的具有许多褶皱的非圆形,纵向侧表面带有许多沟槽状的结构。它的纵、横向结构类似于汉蔴粘胶纤维。该粘胶纤维与原竹单纤维的断面结构以及纵表面结构完全不同。</span></p><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.034em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">天然竹茎加工成的竹粘胶纤维也归属于与普通粘胶纤维同样的再生纤维素纤维。它在加工过程中经受了一系列化学的和物理的处理,结构与性能上受到很大损伤,原竹纤维固有的一些天然特性也必然遭到破坏,纤维的除臭、抗菌、防紫外线功能均有不同程度的下降。池田善光[2]对竹粘胶纤维的抗菌性能研究报告表明,由竹茎制成的竹浆粕试样已不具有抗菌性能,而市售的竹粘胶纤维制品却具有一些抗菌效果。对抗菌的竹粘胶纤维制品检测发现,其中含有粘胶纤维生产过程中的副产物——硫磺成分存在,并非是原竹中固有的抗菌成分竹醌。因此认为竹粘胶纤维织物的抗菌效果可能是由此种外来因素所赋予,硫元素的存在是由于粘胶纤维生产过程中未被洗净所致。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(2, 30, 170); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.034em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">市场上往往出现一些所谓抗菌性能优异的竹纤维产品,其实绝大多数都是此类竹粘胶纤维,</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.034em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">市场上真正的原竹纤维极少。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 10px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 30px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6、阻燃粘胶纤维:</strong></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在某些特殊的场合,如救火队员、炼钢工人、电焊工、化工厂工人、炼油厂工人以及油田钻井工人等穿着的的工装以及部队战士的作战服都需要阻燃功能,同时还需要既阻燃又无熔滴的要求,以避免二次烫伤。而在许多民用场合,如宾馆、会堂、舞台的装饰以至于飞机、火车和汽车等交通工具的座椅套、窗帘、床上用具等内装饰,儿童服装等同样应当具备阻燃功能。</span><o:p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></o:p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">阻燃性能的优劣通常是采用极限氧指数(L.O.I)来表征的。空气中的氧气质量占比为21%,因此当试样材料在氧气含量大于21%的条件下不发生燃烧时,即认为具有阻燃效果。将试样材料刚刚可以开始燃烧时,氮氧混合气体中的氧气含量数值称为极限氧指数。可见,L.O.I的数值越高,表明材料的阻燃性能越佳,一般认为纤维材料的L.O.I值高于27%时才可称为阻燃纤维。有些纤维材料其自身即具有阻燃功能,如芳纶1313、芳纶1414一类芳香族聚酰胺纤维及聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑(PBO)纤维等。原本可燃的普通粘胶纤维, 燃烧后会形成图7-b的烟灰状物。可设法将粘胶纤维赋予阻燃功能,例如将焦磷酸酯类磷系有机阻燃剂,或将硅系无机高分子阻燃剂前驱体预先制备成溶胶,与粘胶纺丝原液纺前共混,使其在纤维素大分子中以互穿网络形式存在,经处理后的粘胶纤维遇火后便不会燃烧,而是形成致密碳化层令其与氧气隔绝,保护了纤维而离火自熄。由于纤维素纤维本身不熔融,故阻燃粘胶纤维还同时兼具无熔滴的功效。目前市场上,也有将易燃的化学纤维与阻燃粘胶纤维混纺使用,可以改善该类易燃化学纤维的阻燃性能。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 10px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 30px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">7、莱塞尔(Lyocell)纤维:</strong></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 0.578px; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: left; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">莱塞尔(Lyocell)纤维本不属于粘胶纤维家族,但由于它也是以纤维素为原料制成的再生纤维素纤维,在此就顺便介绍。Lyocell纤维是由英国考陶尔公司发明,专利转让瑞士蓝精公司后生产的商品名取为Tencell,在中国的商品名是其谐音“天丝”。在尚未找到可直接溶解纤维素的溶剂之前,以纤维素为原料生产的再生纤维素纤维多是采用粘胶纤维生产技术制造。也有像醋酯纤维是将纤维素制成可溶性的醋酸酯类衍生物,而后制成纺丝原液,再制成纤维素酯纤维。莱赛尔纤维的生产是以无毒的N-甲基氧化吗琳(NMMO)的水溶液为溶剂,可以直接将纤维素浆粕溶解而得到纺丝溶液,再采用湿法纺丝或干-湿法纺丝方法,以更高水含量的NMMO-H</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: left; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-size: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: left; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">O(此处的H</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: left; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-size: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: left; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.034em; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">O为凝固剂)溶液为凝固浴使纤维凝固成形,再将纺得的初生纤维经拉伸-水洗-上油-干燥而制得的一种纤维素纤维,最初始也曾称为新纤维素纤维。与通常的粘胶纤维生产技术相比较的最大优点是无毒的NMMO可直接溶解纤维素,因此纺丝原液的生产工艺流程大大缩短、简化,且生产过程几无环境污染。由于生产过程中是在作为凝固剂的H2O中添加了适量的溶剂NMMO,以此来控制纤维成形过程较缓慢,加之NMMO优良的溶解性能,制备的纺丝液浓度高,纤维的形态结构完全不同于粘胶纤维,截面结构均匀且呈圆形,无皮芯层之分,纵向表面光滑无任何沟槽,故具有比粘胶纤维优异的物理机械性能。以可再生且可降解的纤维素为原料制造的莱塞尔(Lyocell)纤维,加之它生产过程的环保性,决定着它具有着很好的发展前景。</span></section>