<p><br></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　一：棉织物练漂加工的主要过程有：原布准备、烧毛、退浆、煮练、漂白、丝光。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="127797" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); transform: rotate(-5deg); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px 5px -5px; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(115, 184, 255); transform: rotate(5deg) translateX(5px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">1) 原布准备</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">​原布准备包括原布检验、翻布（分批、分箱、打印）和缝头。原布检验的目的是检查坯布质量，发现问题能及时加以解决。检验内容包括物理指标和外观疵点两项。前者包括原布的长度、幅度、重量、经纬纱线密度和密度、强力等，后者如纺疵、织疵、各种班渍及破损等。通常抽查总量的10%左右。原布检验后，必须将原布分批、分箱，并在布头上打印，标明品种、加工工艺、批号、箱号、发布日期和翻布人代号，以便于管理。为了确保连续成批的加工，必须将原布加以缝接。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="127797" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); transform: rotate(-5deg); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px 5px -5px; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(115, 184, 255); transform: rotate(5deg) translateX(5px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">2) 烧毛</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">烧毛的目的在于烧去布面上的绒毛，使布面光洁美观，并防止在染色、印花时因绒毛存在而产生染色不匀及印花疵病。织物烧毛是将织物平幅快速通过高温火焰，或擦过赤热的金属表面，这时布面上存在的绒毛很快升温，并发生燃烧，而布身比较紧密，升温较慢，在未升到着火点时，即已离开了火焰或赤热的金属表面，从而达到烧去绒毛，又不操作织物的目的。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="127797" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); transform: rotate(-5deg); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px 5px -5px; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(115, 184, 255); transform: rotate(5deg) translateX(5px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">3) 退浆</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">纺织厂为了顺利的织布，往往对经纱上浆以提高强力和耐磨性。坯布上的浆料即影响织物的吸水性能，还影响染整产品的质量，且会增加染化药品的消耗，故在煮练前应先去除浆料，这个过程叫退浆。棉织物上的浆料可采用碱退浆、酶退浆、酸退浆等方法，将其从织物上退除。碱退浆使浆料膨化，与纤维粘着力下降，经水洗从织物上退除。酶、酸、使淀粉降解，在水中溶解度增大，经水洗退除。由于酸对棉纤损伤大，很少单独使用，常与酶退浆、碱退浆联合使用。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="127797" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); transform: rotate(-5deg); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px 5px -5px; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(115, 184, 255); transform: rotate(5deg) translateX(5px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">4) 煮练</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">棉纤维生长时，有天然杂质（果胶质、蜡状物质、含氮物质等）一起伴生。棉织物经退浆后，大部分浆料及部分天然杂质已被去除，但还有少量的浆料以及大部分天然杂质还残留在织物上。这些杂质的存在，使绵织布的布面较黄，渗透性差。同时，由于有棉籽壳的存在，大大影响了棉布的外观质量。故需要将织物在高温的浓碱液中进行较长时间的煮练，以去除残留杂质。煮练是利用烧碱和其他煮练助剂与果胶质、蜡状物质、含氮物质、棉籽壳发生化学降解反应或乳化作用、膨化作用等，经水洗后使杂质从织物上退除。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="127797" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); transform: rotate(-5deg); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px 5px -5px; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(115, 184, 255); transform: rotate(5deg) translateX(5px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">5) 漂白</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">棉织物经煮练后，由于纤维上还有天然色素存在，其外观不够洁白，用以染色或印花，会影响色泽的鲜艳度。漂白的目的就在于去除色素，赋于织物必要的和稳定的白度，而纤维本身则不受显著的损伤。棉织物常用的漂白方法有次氮酸钠法、双氧水法和亚氯酸钠法。次氯酸钠漂白的漂液PH值为10左右，在常温下进行，设备简单，操作方便、成本低，但对织物强度损伤大，白度较低。双氧水漂白的漂液PH值为10，在高温下进行漂白，漂白织物白度高而稳定，手感好，还能去除浆料及天然杂质。缺点是对设备要求高，成本较高。在适当条件下，与烧碱联合，能使退浆、煮练、漂白一次完成。亚氯酸钠漂白的漂液PH值为4～4.5，在高温下进行，具有白度好，对纤维损伤小的优点，但漂白时易产生有毒气体，污染环境，腐蚀设备，设备需要特殊的金属材料制成，故在应用上受到一定限制。次氯酸钠和亚氯酸钠漂白后都要进行脱氯，以防织物在存在过程中因残氯存在而受损。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="127797" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); transform: rotate(-5deg); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px 5px -5px; padding: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 7px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(115, 184, 255); transform: rotate(5deg) translateX(5px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">6) 丝光</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">丝光是指棉织物在室温或低温下，在经纬方向上都受到张力的情况下，用浓的烧碱溶液处理，以改善织物性能的加工过程。棉织物经过丝光后，由于纤维膨化，纤维纵向天然扭转消失，横截面成椭圆形，对光的反向更有规律，因而增进了光泽。纤维无形定区的增加，使染色时染料的上染率增加。取向度的提高，使织物强力增加，同时还有定形作用。丝光后，一定要采用冲吸去碱或蒸箱去碱，或平洗地去碱等方法充分去碱，直至织物呈中性。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="127799" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 5px 0px 0px; display: flex; justify-content: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: flex; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: flex; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; flex-shrink: 0; z-index: 9; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; transform: translateY(-5px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: flex; align-items: center; transform-style: preserve-3d; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 15px; height: 4px; background-color: rgb(255, 205, 98); border-radius: 10px; transform: translateZ(10px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px 0px 0px -4px; padding: 0px; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; display: flex; align-items: center; transform-style: preserve-3d; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 15px; height: 4px; background-color: rgb(255, 205, 98); border-radius: 10px; transform: translateZ(10px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px 0px 0px -4px; padding: 0px; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></section></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px 0px 0px -5px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 16px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(115, 184, 255); transform: translate(-5px, -5px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">染色</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　染色是借染料与纤维发生物理或化学的结合，或用化学方法在纤维上生成颜料，使整个纺织品具有一定色泽的加工过程。染色是在一定温度、时间、PH值和所需染色助剂等条件下进行的。染色产品应色泽均匀，还需要具有良好的染色牢度。织物的染色方法主要分浸染和轧染。浸染是将织物浸渍于染液中，而使染料逐渐上染织物的方法。它适用于小批量多品种染色。绳状染色、卷染都属于此范畴。轧染是先把织物浸渍于染液中，然后使织物通过轧辊，把染液均匀轧入织物内部，再经汽蒸或热熔等处理的染色方法。它适用于大批量织物的染色。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="127799" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 10px auto; padding: 5px 0px 0px; display: flex; justify-content: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: flex; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: flex; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; flex-shrink: 0; z-index: 9; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; transform: translateY(-5px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: flex; align-items: center; transform-style: preserve-3d; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 15px; height: 4px; background-color: rgb(255, 205, 98); border-radius: 10px; transform: translateZ(10px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px 0px 0px -4px; padding: 0px; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; display: flex; align-items: center; transform-style: preserve-3d; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 15px; height: 4px; background-color: rgb(255, 205, 98); border-radius: 10px; transform: translateZ(10px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px 0px 0px -4px; padding: 0px; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></section></section></section><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px 0px 0px -5px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 16px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(115, 184, 255); transform: translate(-5px, -5px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">各种染料，不同的染色方法</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　1. 直接染料 直接染料能溶于水，在中性或弱碱性溶液中，可直接上染棉纤维。染色时加入食盐等中性电解质，能增加染料上的杂量。直接染料色谱齐全，染色方法简便，价格也较便宜，曾为棉织物的主要梁料。但这种染料染色牢席不够好，需在后处理中进行固色处理。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　2. 活性染料 活性染料是指含有活性基团的可溶性染料。在适当条件下，能与纤维素纤维、蛋白质纤维发生化学结合，大大地提高被染物的水洗、皂洗色牢度等。同时，它还具有染色、印花简便、色泽鲜艳，色谱较齐，价格较便宜等优点。但一般活性染料固色率不高，在碱性溶液中易水解，造成浮色。所以织物染色时采用先染色，后固色的方法，以提高染料的固色率。用于印花，要根据染料品种的不同，选用一相法或两相法印花。还有一些活性染料的耐氯漂色牢度和耐气候色牢度较差。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　3. 还原染料 还原染料不溶于水，不能直接染色。需在烧碱、保险粉的碱性强还原溶液中使其还原为隐色体，由隐色体上染棉纤维，经过氧化，回复成不溶性染料而固着于纤维。还原染料的色谱齐全，色泽鲜艳，而日晒、皂洗色牢度均较优良。但因价格较贵，某些黄、橙品种有光敏脆损作用，因此在应用上受到一定限制。染色或印花时要加强皂煮后处理，去除浮色，提高鲜艳度。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　4. 可溶性还原染料 可溶性还原染料是还原染料的衍生物，可溶于水，染在纤维上后，需在酸液中经过氧化处理，使染料水解、氧化，回复成不溶性的还原染料而染着在纤维上。可溶性还原染料的染色工艺比较简单，染色比较匀透，染色牢度高。但这种染料的价格昂贵，主要用于浅、中色棉织物的染色、印花。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　5. 硫化染料 硫化染料不溶于水，但能溶解在硫化纳溶液中，还原成隐色体，隐色体被棉纤维吸收后，氧化成不溶性染料而固着在棉纤维上。硫化染料主要用于棉纤维深色产品的染色，水洗和日晒度尚好，染色方法简便，价格便宜，但其磨擦色牢度较差，色泽不够鲜艳。某些染料（如硫化黑），在织物存放过程中，会使纤维脆损，因此染色后需作防脆处理。黄、橙色硫化染料往往对纤维有光敏脆损作用。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　6. 不溶性偶氮染料 不溶性偶氮染料是由两上染料中间打底齐（色酚）和显色剂（色基）组成。染色时，织物先以色酚的烧碱溶液打底，然后用色基的重氮化溶液显色，织物上的色酚和色基的重氮化合物偶合瓜而生成不溶性偶氮染料，固着于织物上。由于色基进行重氮化反应时，需要用冰，所以不溶性偶氨染料又称冰染料。该类染料色泽鲜艳，耐皂洗色牢度很好，耐日晒色牢度也较好，但磨擦色牢度较差，湿摩擦我牢度更差。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　7. 稳定不溶性偶氮染料 稳定不溶性偶氮染料是色酚钠盐与暂稳定的重氮化合物的混合物，在一般情况下，两者不发生偶合反应。印花后经过一定的处理，暂稳定的重氮化合物转 化为活泼的重氮化合物，而与色酚偶合生成不深性偶氮染料。这类染料主要用于印制小块花纹。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　8．分散染料 分散染料是一类分子较小，结构上不带水溶性基团的非离子型染料。这类染料难溶于水，染色是借助分散剂的作用，染料以细小的颗粒状态均匀地分散在染液中，因此这种成为分散染料。主要用于涤纶染色，一般在130度左右的温度中进行染色。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.07em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;">　　9、阳离子染料染色 阳离子染料是一类色泽十分鲜艳的水溶性染料，染料在水溶液中电离为阳离子，通过电荷引力，使在染液中带阴离子的纤维染色，主要用于阳离子，腈纶染色。</span></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph" id="autoparagraph" style="font-size: medium; max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; z-index: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"><br style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; outline: none 0px !important;"></p></section>