<section data-role="outer" class="article135" label="edit by 135editor" style="font-size: medium;"><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor"><p style="line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">色花是印染企业生产过程中常遇到的质量问题。制定好合理的染色工艺，重视易出问题的环节是提高正品率的关键。是印染企业在节能减排以及各项成本压力下创造利润稳定客户群的重点所在。</span></p><p><br></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">　　纤维素、涤纶以及尼龙此三种纤维是目前市场上最常见的三种纺织纤维。而以活性染料染纤维素纤维为相对复杂，染色中需要注意事项也最多。染整过程中环环相扣，必须做好每一步处理才能最终获得优良品质。接下来就探讨一下活性染色过程中色花产生的因素，以及规避的常规方法。</span></p><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="126507"><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section style="transform: skew(-10deg);"><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-top: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-right: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="margin: -20px 5px;"><section style="background-color: rgb(84, 160, 247);"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 7px 18px; transform: skew(10deg);"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">一、煮练</strong></span></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-left: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">　　棉纤维因其天然的纤维结构，必须经过严格精练才能使得纤维在染色过程中确保相对均匀的吸水率和染料上染率。所谓成功的前处理即是成功的一半。前处理务必确保足够的精练剂用量和碱性以及充足的处理时间和温度，助剂的加入要分批分步加入，双氧水在70℃加入效果最佳。如遇缠布、堵缸等问题一定要继续保温一段时间。确保纤维有着足够的且均匀的毛效保证染色的均匀性。</span></p><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="126507"><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section style="transform: skew(-10deg);"><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-top: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-right: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="margin: -20px 5px;"><section style="background-color: rgb(84, 160, 247);"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 7px 18px; transform: skew(10deg);"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">二、煮练水渍不清，坯布带碱染色易色花</strong></span></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-left: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">　　前处理后水洗一定要充分，可进行酸洗以确保布面PH值呈中性。否则碱性条件下特别是碱性不均匀的情况下会造成染色上色速率过快造成色花。</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="126507"><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section style="transform: skew(-10deg);"><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-top: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-right: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="margin: -20px 5px;"><section style="background-color: rgb(84, 160, 247);"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 7px 18px; transform: skew(10deg);"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">三、煮布后布面残氧处理不干净</strong></span></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-left: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">　　活性染料易被氧化，双氧水的残留特别是不均匀的双氧水残留会破坏附着的活性染料使其变色。从而造成色花以及色光不准。现在一般都是用除氧酶进行去除残留的双氧水，确保除氧时间并在除氧后做好含氧量测试可以规避该类风险。</span></p><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="126507"><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section style="transform: skew(-10deg);"><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-top: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-right: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="margin: -20px 5px;"><section style="background-color: rgb(84, 160, 247);"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 7px 18px; transform: skew(10deg);"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">四、化料不匀，染料溶解不充足造成色花</strong></span></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-left: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">　　充分搅拌，适当调整化料温度。不同类型的活性染料其溶解性不尽相同奈温性能也不一样。一般的活性染料化料温度不宜超过60℃，否则高温易造成染料快速水解。翠兰，艳兰等染料因其染料分子较大，可适当提高化料温度。此外有必要可加强过滤，在进料口处加高密度滤网，防止未溶解染料颗粒直接进入染缸与布面接触。</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="126507"><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section style="transform: skew(-10deg);"><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-top: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-right: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="margin: -20px 5px;"><section style="background-color: rgb(84, 160, 247);"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 7px 18px; transform: skew(10deg);"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">五、盐碱加入速度</strong></span></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-left: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">　　盐碱是控制染料吸附速率和固着速率的关键。入料速度过快会使得染液内部PH值产生差异导致上色不匀导致色花。因此染色过程中特别是染较浅或较敏感颜色时一定要分步缓慢的加入盐碱。每次入料后需要间隔10~15min充分转匀再进行下一步操作。在做人造棉或者浅颜色的时候也可采取预先加入1/10碱的方法，避免后期PH值剧烈变化，避免色花的产生。</span></p><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="126507"><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section style="transform: skew(-10deg);"><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-top: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-right: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="margin: -20px 5px;"><section style="background-color: rgb(84, 160, 247);"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 7px 18px; transform: skew(10deg);"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">六、浴比</strong></span></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-left: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">　　由于节能减排的限制，现在很多工厂都把减小浴比来降低成本减少污水处理压力。特别是气流缸，由于过小的浴比对工艺的要求更加严格。务必严谨操作不可大意。</span></p><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="126507"><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section style="transform: skew(-10deg);"><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-top: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-right: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="margin: -20px 5px;"><section style="background-color: rgb(84, 160, 247);"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 7px 18px; transform: skew(10deg);"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">七、皂洗</strong></span></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-left: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">　　染色后水洗不清，皂洗时PH过高升温过快也会造成色花。此时需要皂洗前尽量洗尽残碱，控制升温速率并确保皂洗时间。也可使用酸性皂洗剂在皂洗的同时中和掉部分碱剂。</span></p><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="126507"><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section style="transform: skew(-10deg);"><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-top: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-right: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="margin: -20px 5px;"><section style="background-color: rgb(84, 160, 247);"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 7px 18px; transform: skew(10deg);"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">八、水洗不清，造成色花</strong></span></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-left: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">　　皂洗后残液如果没有洗尽，出布后会造成布面表里残液浓度不一，如未及时烘干会造成色斑，也就是我们常说的风印。因此皂洗后还需要进行至少一道水洗以去除残液。</span></p><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="126507"><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section style="transform: skew(-10deg);"><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-top: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-right: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"></section></section><section style="margin: -20px 5px;"><section style="background-color: rgb(84, 160, 247);"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 7px 18px; transform: skew(10deg);"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">九、加色</strong></span></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="width: 25px; height: 25px; border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); border-left: 3px solid rgb(255, 207, 84); overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">　　加色是染厂常事，但加色往往染料用量很少。相当于染一次浅色。又因原缸内已经存在大量的盐碱会造成上色速率的增加，因此控制加料速度更为重要，有必要时在满足得色深度的情况下可进行排除部分染液加水降低盐碱浓度的方法。有时在色光相差不大的情况下使用活性染料加色风险太大，可选择分散染料进行微调。因分散染料上色较慢，对于棉织物只会造成较少的沾色。因此在色光稍有差别且颜色并不鲜艳的情况下可使用分散染料进行微调。</span></p><p><br></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph"><p><br></p></section></section>