<section data-role="outer" class="article135" label="edit by 135editor"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86005" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: normal; overflow: auto; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.45; border-radius: 3px; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 41, 65); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">耐日晒牢度：</span></strong></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">是指染色物在日光照射下保持原来色泽的能力。按一般规定，耐日晒牢度的测定以太阳光为标准。在实验室中为了便于控制，一般都用人工光源，必要时加以校正。最常用的人工光源是疝气灯光，也有用炭弧灯的。染色物在光的照射下，染料吸收光能，能级提高，分子处于激化状态，染料分子的发色体系发生变化或遭到破坏，导致染料分解而发生变色或褪色现象。</span></p></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><section data-original-title="" title="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 20px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); font-family: 微软雅黑; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>1</strong></section><section data-bgless="lighten" data-brushtype="text" data-bglessp="20%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 20px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; background-color: rgb(234, 122, 117); font-family: 微软雅黑; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>光照对染料产生的影响</strong></section><section data-role="paragraph" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">当一个染料分子吸收一个光子的能量后，将引起分子的外层价电子由基态跃迁到激化态。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">按结构的不同，染料分子在不同波长光波的作用下可以发生不同的激化过程，有π →π*、n → π*、CT（电荷转移）、S →S（单线态）、S → T（三线态）、基态→第一激发态和基态→第二激化态等。单线态的基态写作S0，第一和第二激化单线态分别写作S1和S2。相应的三线态则以T0、T1、T2表示。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86005" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: normal; overflow: auto; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.45; border-radius: 3px; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 41, 65); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在激化过程中</span></strong></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，染料分子被激化成各种振动能级的电子激化态，它们的振动能级会迅速降低，将能量转化为热而消散，这种降低能级的过程称为振动钝化。在振动钝化过程中，振动能级低的S2激化态也会转化成为振动能级较高的S1激化态，并继续发生振动钝化。这样，原来能级较高的S2激化态迅速转化为最低振动能级的S1激化态。等能量相交条件下的S2、S1电子能态之间的转化不包含电子自旋多重性的变化，被称为内部转化。单线态和三线态之间也会发生转化，从S1转化成T1激化态。这种伴有电子自旋多重性变化，在等能量相交条件下的电子能态转化叫做系间窜越。由于受电子自旋选律的“禁戒”，系间窜越的速率一般是比较低的。</span></p></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">激化的染料分子与其他分子间发生光化学反应，导致了染料的光褪色和纤维的光脆损。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><section data-original-title="" title="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 20px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); font-family: 微软雅黑; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>2</strong></section><section data-bgless="lighten" data-brushtype="text" data-bglessp="20%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 20px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; background-color: rgb(234, 122, 117); font-family: 微软雅黑; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>影响染料耐光牢度的因素</strong></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.光源与照射光的波长；</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.环境因素；</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.纤维的化学性质与组织结构；</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4.染料与纤维的键合强度；</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5.染料的化学结构；</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6.染料浓度与聚集态；</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">7.人工汗液在染料光褪色中的影响；</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">8. 助剂的影响。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><section data-id="85816" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section label="Copyright © 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="87856" data-color="rgb(216, 40, 33)" data-custom="rgb(216, 40, 33)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 20px; clear: both; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-original-title="" title="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>3</strong></section><section data-bgless="lighten" data-brushtype="text" data-bglessp="20%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; background-color: rgb(234, 122, 117); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>改进染料耐日晒牢度的方法</strong></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1、对染料结构进行改进，使其能够在消耗光能量的同时尽量降低染料发色体系受到的影响，从而保持原有色泽；即常说的高日晒牢度染料。此类染料在价格上一般高于普通染料，对于高日晒要求的织物，首先应从染料选择入手。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.6px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2、如果织物已经染色，而日晒牢度达不到要求的情况下，也可以通过助剂来改善。在染色过程中或染色后添加合适的助剂，使其在受到光照时先于染料发生光反应，消耗光能量，以此起到保护染料分子的作用。一般分紫外线吸收剂和抗紫外线剂，统称耐日晒牢度提升剂。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; text-align: center; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="center"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">活性染料浅色染色织物的耐日晒牢度</span></strong></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">活性染料的受光照褪色是一种非常复杂的光氧氯化反应，知道了光褪色机理后，在染料的分子结构设计时有意识地对光氧化反应制造一些障碍</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，延缓光褪色。例如含有多尔磺酸基和吡唑啉酮的黄色染料，酞菁甲瓒和双偶氮三螯合环的蓝色染料，以及含金属络合的红色染料，但仍缺乏鲜艳的红色耐日晒牢度的活性染料。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">染色物的日晒牢度随染色浓度变化而有所不同，同一种染料在同一种纤维上染色的织物，日晒牢度随染色浓度增加而进步，浅色织物的染色浓度低，日晒牢度相应下降。但是常见的染料在印制染料色卡上的日晒牢度是在染色浓度是标准深度1/1（即1％owf或20-30g/l染料浓度）下测定的，假如染色浓度为1/6，1/12或1/25的情况下，日晒牢度将大幅下降。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">有人提出用紫外线吸收剂来进步日晒牢度，这是不可取的方法，紫外线要用很多，也只能进步半级，本钱都要进步很多。因此只有公道选用染料才能解决日晒牢度。</span></p></section>