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2022-10-14 09:17:17
<p><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: red; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">普通合成纤维主要是指传统的六大纶，即涤纶、锦纶、腈纶、丙纶、维纶和氯纶。氨纶作为常用的弹力长丝，应用也很广泛。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0.55em 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="98253" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 4px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(234, 249, 253); text-shadow: rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px 1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1px 1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 0px 1.4px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 0px -1.4px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1.4px 0px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1.4px 0px, 2px 0px, rgb(195, 217, 223) 0px 3px, rgb(231, 197, 188) 0px 3px, rgb(195, 217, 223) 0px 2px, rgb(231, 197, 188) 0px 2px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1、各种合成纤维的形态结构牲</strong></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 4px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(234, 249, 253); text-shadow: rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px 1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1px 1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 0px 1.4px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 0px -1.4px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1.4px 0px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1.4px 0px, 2px 0px, rgb(195, 217, 223) 0px 3px, rgb(231, 197, 188) 0px 3px, rgb(195, 217, 223) 0px 2px, rgb(231, 197, 188) 0px 2px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">由于各合成纤维的化学组成不同，其纤维纺丝成型方法也不相同．纺丝成型方法对纤维的形态结构有重要影响。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如涤纶、锦纶和丙纶采用熔体纺丝；大部分腈纶、维纶短纤、氯纶多用湿法纺丝；氨纶、部分维纶和腈纶用干纺纺丝。熔体纺丝时，熔融的高聚物通过喷丝孔压出．在空气中降温固化，其纤维截面形态与喷丝孔形状有关，常规截面为圆形。湿法纺出的丝条在溶液中因溶剂析出而固化，截面多为非圆形，且有明显皮芯结构。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">常见合成纤维的纵向、横截面形态特征见表6-1和图6-1～图6-4。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/1.jpg?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-14T01%3A12%3A43Z%2F-1%2F%2F94192554be9d85afb1ea77c2f9efac606ae3ce0e9a807b14b9b1edac746623b0" data-filename="" style="width: 50%;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/2.jpg?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-14T01%3A13%3A05Z%2F-1%2F%2F6fedfcbc9a8a9a6d5fe3370fb7ce2b4e09a359296c709887421c5b658b9d32fe" style="width: 50%;" data-filename=""></div><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section></section><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/3.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-14T01%3A13%3A26Z%2F-1%2F%2F406574c2338bb8364c49e3f0a13305eadaa3f89eabfc29288eea33a20f807b0c" data-filename="" style="width: 50%;"></div><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section></section><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/4.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-14T01%3A13%3A40Z%2F-1%2F%2F436933bff51af05891a7806767bdd39bc4c72e1562afa2835e07a7f44ea0265d" data-filename="" style="width: 50%;"></div><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section></section><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/5.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-14T01%3A13%3A57Z%2F-1%2F%2F922a9d3131f6ba184bd6ad86f5072c1fc1ddb1009ced4c7d9681dc20e3fa6d04" data-filename="" style="width: 50%;"></div><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0.55em 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="98253" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 4px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(234, 249, 253); text-shadow: rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px 1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1px 1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 0px 1.4px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 0px -1.4px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1.4px 0px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1.4px 0px, 2px 0px, rgb(195, 217, 223) 0px 3px, rgb(231, 197, 188) 0px 3px, rgb(195, 217, 223) 0px 2px, rgb(231, 197, 188) 0px 2px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 4px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(234, 249, 253); text-shadow: rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px 1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1px 1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 0px 1.4px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 0px -1.4px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1.4px 0px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1.4px 0px, 2px 0px, rgb(195, 217, 223) 0px 3px, rgb(231, 197, 188) 0px 3px, rgb(195, 217, 223) 0px 2px, rgb(231, 197, 188) 0px 2px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2、各种合成纤维的燃烧特征</strong></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在用燃烧法鉴别纤维时，要重点观察纤维靠近火焰、接触火焰和离开火焰时的状态，并关注燃烧时产生的气味和燃烧后残留物的特征</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-size: 14px; caret-color: red; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">常用合成纤维的燃烧特征见表6-2。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/6.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-14T01%3A14%3A14Z%2F-1%2F%2F61d8a6dd8c0e92da22a5e443d4ec544bc34059c1e2e7e9864526a99acf207ccd" data-filename="" style="width: 50%;"></div><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 8px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section><section style="margin: 10px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0.55em 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="98253" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 4px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(234, 249, 253); text-shadow: rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px 1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1px 1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 0px 1.4px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 0px -1.4px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1.4px 0px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1.4px 0px, 2px 0px, rgb(195, 217, 223) 0px 3px, rgb(231, 197, 188) 0px 3px, rgb(195, 217, 223) 0px 2px, rgb(231, 197, 188) 0px 2px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3、各种合成纤维的化学溶解性能</strong></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">各类纤维材料对酸、碱、有机溶剂等化学试剂的稳定性不同，</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">常用合成纤维的溶解性能见表6-3。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/7.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-14T01%3A14%3A30Z%2F-1%2F%2F5d6ddcc8a35ebd8395dc37efcaa14cda2754c2f1831bb588540230d960680ef2" data-filename="" style="width: 50%;"></div><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0.55em 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="98253" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 4px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(234, 249, 253); text-shadow: rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px 1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1px 1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 0px 1.4px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 0px -1.4px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1.4px 0px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1.4px 0px, 2px 0px, rgb(195, 217, 223) 0px 3px, rgb(231, 197, 188) 0px 3px, rgb(195, 217, 223) 0px 2px, rgb(231, 197, 188) 0px 2px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4、各种合成纤维的熔点</strong></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">高聚物内晶体完全消失时的温度，即晶体熔化时的温度称为熔点。合成纤维在高温作用下，大分子间链接结构产生变化．先软化后熔融。大多数合成纤维不像纯晶体一样有确切的熔点，同一纤维因制造厂不同或批号不同，熔点也有差异。但是同一种纤维的熔点都固定在一个比较狭小的范围内，由此可以确定纤维的种类。天然纤维素纤维、再生纤维素纤维、蛋白质纤维，由于其熔点高于分解点，在高温作用下不熔融而分解或炭化。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">熔点法一般适用于鉴别熔点特征明显的合成纤维，不适用于天然纤维素纤维、再生纤维素纤维和蛋白质纤维。一般不单独作为定性鉴别的手段，可在其他方法鉴别的基础上作为证实的一种补充方法。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在熔点仪或带有加热和测温装置的偏光显微镜下观察纤维消光时的温度来测定纤维的熔点，达到鉴别纤维类别的目的。特别对于涤纶、锦纶及丙纶等合成纤维，其纵、截面形态特征及燃烧性能很类似，用熔点法鉴别具有较大的优势。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">主要合成纤维的熔点见表6-4。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/8.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-14T01%3A15%3A08Z%2F-1%2F%2Fca29f8a4b5a46683db6606e7c1c934925f2ff073731fe6546c7b1cc3731063d5" style="width: 50%;" data-filename=""><br></div><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 8px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0.55em 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="98253" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 4px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(234, 249, 253); text-shadow: rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px 1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1px 1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1px -1px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 0px 1.4px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 0px -1.4px, rgb(1, 115, 99) -1.4px 0px, rgb(1, 115, 99) 1.4px 0px, 2px 0px, rgb(195, 217, 223) 0px 3px, rgb(231, 197, 188) 0px 3px, rgb(195, 217, 223) 0px 2px, rgb(231, 197, 188) 0px 2px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5、常见纤维的红外光谱</strong></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">红外光谱(Infrared Spectroscopy，IR)的研究开始于20世纪初期，当时科学家已发表了100多种有机化合物的红外光谱图，为鉴别未知化合物提供了有力的鉴别手段。70年代以后，在电子计算机技术发展的基础上，傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)实验技术进入现代化学家的实验室，成为结构分析的重要工具。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(1, 115, 99); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1、红外光谱的基本原理</span></strong></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">当一束具有连续波长的红外光照射到被测样品上时，该物质分子中某个基团的振动频率或转动频率和红外光的频率一样时，分子的吸收能量由原来的基态振(转)动能级跃迁到能量较高的振(转)动能级，分子吸收红外光辐射能后，发生振动和转动能级的跃迁，该处波长的光就被物质吸收。将分子吸收红外光的情况用仪器记录下来，就得到红外光谱图。所以，红外光谱是利用物质对红外光的吸收特性实现纤维结构的分析，光谱中每一个特征吸收谱带都包含了样品分子基团和键的信息，不同物质有不同的红外吸收谱图。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">红外光谱图通常用波长(λ)或波数(σ)为横坐标，表示吸收峰的位置，用透光率(T％)或者吸光度(A)为纵坐标，表示吸收强度。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(1, 115, 99); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2、红外光谱的分区</span></strong></span></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">红外光谱的波长范围大约为0.75～1000μm。通常将红外光谱分为近红外区、中红外区和远红外三个区域，其波长、波数之间的关系见表6-5。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/9.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-14T01%3A15%3A19Z%2F-1%2F%2F213aa689ed15e7c042451ef2ebf2d67e219c991969f294732616acfa3a970595" data-filename="" style="width: 50%;"></div><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一般说来，近红外光谱是由分子的倍频、合频产生的；中红外光谱属于分子的基频振动光谱；远红外光谱则属于分子的转动光谱和某些基团的振动光谱。由于绝大多数有机物和无机物的基频吸收带都出现在中红外区，因此中红外区是研究和应用最多的区域，通常所说的红外光谱即指中红外光谱。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">按吸收峰的来源，可以将中红外光谱图大体上分为特征频率区以及指纹区两个区域。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(1, 115, 99); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">①特征频率区(4000～1300cm-1)：</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">特征频率区中的吸收峰基本是由基团的伸缩振动产生，数目不是很多，但具有很强的特征性，因此在基团鉴定工作上很有价值，主要用于鉴定官能团。如羰基，不论是在酮、酸、酯或酰胺等类化合物中，其伸缩振动总是在5.9μm左右出现一个强吸收峰，如谱图中5.9μm左右有一个强吸收峰，则大致可以断定分子中有羰基。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(1, 115, 99); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">②指纹区(1300～400cm1)：</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">峰多而复杂，没有强的特征性，主要是由一些单键C-O、C-N、C-H、O-H等基团的振动产生。当分子结构稍有不同时，该区的吸收就有细微的差异。这种情况就像每个人都有不同的指纹一样，因而称为指纹区。指纹区对于区别结构类似的化合物很有帮助。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(1, 115, 99); font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3、常见纤维的红外光谱图</strong></span></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">高分子物质的特征基团在红外光谱图上有3个主要特征：吸收峰的位置、吸收峰的强度以及吸收峰的形状，不同物质的红外光谱有显著差异，利用这一原理可对纺织纤维进行鉴别。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">利用红外光谱对纺织纤维进行鉴别时，主要有“测谱”和“读谱”2个过程。测谱就是要实测未知纤维的红外光谱，读谱即将未知纤维的红外光谱与已知纤维的标准光谱对比，由此可以确定未知纤维的类别。红外光谱定性分析纺织纤维具有快速、方便的特点，目前已得到广泛的应用。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">常见纺织纤维的红外光谱图如图6-5～图6-12所示，各种纤维的主要特征吸收谱可见其他参考材料。</span></section></section></section></section><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/10.jpg?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-14T01%3A15%3A33Z%2F-1%2F%2F8df927f7740f7670eec29ac2f736255815550d2634937baae7334600b641cc66" data-filename="" style="width: 50%;"></div><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section></section><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/11.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-14T01%3A15%3A49Z%2F-1%2F%2F2c30b95287a7f0a93d77599e5748cd2f3aa02c910c43637f9524647d7bb575a4" data-filename="" style="width: 50%;"></div><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section></section><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/12.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-14T01%3A16%3A01Z%2F-1%2F%2F9a75729d0f5bdf0672f7e10f237d489ff70f16304d15c957796b07486844d0b9" data-filename="" style="width: 50%;"></div><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section></section><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/13.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-14T01%3A16%3A13Z%2F-1%2F%2F4cd7a151a34c7dfd30556e8bca3ba83ca8a98a73a80c75c5c4cfca2a7c6b46f9" data-filename="" style="width: 50%;"></div><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">红外光谱特征吸收谱带的强度除与分子结构有关外，还与光程中所含的分子数有关，通过测定红外光谱图中的特征谱带的强度．可计算分子数的多少。因此根据Lambet-Beer定律，利用红外光谱可以对纺织原料组分进行定量分析。红外光谱进行纺织原料组分的定量分析，已有一定报道并仍在不断研究中。</span></section></section></section></section></p>