<p><span style="background-color: rgb(136, 136, 136); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;">纤维原料改性</span><br></p><hr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">改善纤维原料的起毛起球性能可通过两种方法获得：一是降低纤维断裂强度，使已经形成的毛球脱落；二是改变纤维截面及表面状态，增加纤维之间的抱合力，以减少起球。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">★ 低强度抗起球纤维</span>：该纤维是将涤纶、腈纶利用化学改性或物理处理后，降低纤维剪切强度和断裂强度，使其织物在使用过程中，可防止或减少其纤维相互摩擦缠结集聚而形成小球。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 涤纶可以通过碱减量处理降低其强度，也可采用低黏度切片纺丝法生产涤纶长丝，这种纤维的断裂强度可以控制在很低，低强度的合成纤维在织物表面形成毛绒也很容易脱落，不会进一步生成毛球。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 腈纶抗起球纤维的生产，可以采用减少大分子中丙烯酸甲酯的含量，增加丙烯磺酸钠含量的方法，降低分子链段的活动性，增加纤维的刚性和脆性，降低纤维延伸性。纺丝时可以采用低凝固浴和高凝固浴温度交替的方法，使纤维形成不均匀的皮-芯结构，在纤维结构上产生缺陷，从而提高纤维的抗起球性能。还可以在大分子中引入第三单体，制造抗起球纤维。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 23.2727px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">★&nbsp;</span>羊毛纤维的蛋白酶改性</span>：采用中性或碱性蛋白酶处理羊毛纤维，使其鳞片部分破坏，纤维强力降低，织物毛绒容易脱落而减少起球。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 23.2727px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">★</span>&nbsp;异形截面抗起球纤维</span>：异形纤维由于表面积增加、纤维间抱合力增大，纤维在受到外力作用时不易被抽出而形成毛羽，从而可以减少起毛起球的机会。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 23.2727px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">★&nbsp;</span>纤维表面粗糙化</span>：由于纤维表面粗糙，抱合力增强，减少了纤维向织物表面滑移形成毛绒的概率。因此可采用等离子刻蚀作用，提高纤维表面的粗糙度，使纤维表面摩擦系数增加，从而减少织物表面纤维毛绒的形成。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(136, 136, 136); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">织物结构设计</span></p><hr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 23.2727px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">★&nbsp;</span>织物组织</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：在三元组织中，平纹织物的抗起毛起球性最好，斜纹织物次之，缎纹最差。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 23.2727px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">★&nbsp;</span>织物紧度</span>：增加织物经纬密度和织物紧度，织物抗起毛起球性也会明显改善。若增加纱线径向密度，在不同摩擦状态时都可以改善织物抗起毛起球性。若同时增加织物径向密度和纬向密度，则织物在较低摩擦次数时起球性明显降低。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(136, 136, 136); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">织物后整理</span></p><hr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;改善织物的起毛起球现象可以采用生物酶整理、抗起毛起球剂整理和有机硅柔软整理等方法。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 23.2727px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">★&nbsp;</span>生物酶整理</span>：生物酶处理后的织物表面清晰，起球数量明显下降，且该降低织物起毛起球性效果持久。酸性纤维素酶处理棉针织物后，起毛起球性明显改善。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 23.2727px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">★&nbsp;</span>抗起毛起球剂整理</span>：抗起毛起球整理剂一般为经过特殊加工的水性高分子树脂，是多种高分子聚合物的混合分散液。聚合物主链上具有活性基团，具有多功能性和极强活性，可以自身交联，也可与纤维上的活性基团键合，在织物表面形成具有一定强度、耐洗又柔软、弹性好的网状薄膜。利用聚合物在纤维表面交联成膜的功能，使纤维表面包覆一层高分子薄膜，减弱纤维的滑移，减少起毛倾向。同时聚合物均匀的交联凝聚在纱线表层，使纤维末端粘附于纱线上，摩擦时不易起球，从而起到良好的抗起毛起球效果。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 23.2727px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">★&nbsp;</span>有机硅柔软整理</span>：有机硅柔软整理能赋予织物柔软性和通过成膜而提高抗起球性，但有机硅用量须恰当，以免过度柔软和润滑，否则会促使纤维向表面滑移，反而会引起起球。</p>