<p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(136, 136, 136); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纤维染色性能好坏的根源</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">纤维的染色性能好，是指它可以用不同染料染色，而用同类染料染色时，具有色泽鲜艳、色谱齐全、色调均匀、着色牢度好、染色条件温和等特点。天然纤维和再生纤维比较容易染色。一方面是由于它们分子结构中含有可以与染料结合的官能团，如纤维素纤维有羟基，可以和染料的羟基、羧基、氨基等基团之间形成牢固的氢键、离子键，与活性染料形成共价键结合；羊毛与蚕丝分子结构中有羧基和氨基等基团，可以与染料的碱性或酸性基团之间形成牢固的化学结合，也可以与活性染料形成共价键结合。另一方面，天然纤维一般都具有一定的孔隙或毛细管结构，有利于溶液中的染料分子向纤维内部扩散。这样，就使得天然纤维容易被染成深浅不同、绚丽多彩的颜色。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/9.1.jpg?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-13T02%3A40%3A47Z%2F-1%2F%2F3acde7815f8eae20ca098d3cd10d4bc3b305d2ec28c1973b9c05d9172834563b" style="width: 50%;" data-filename=""></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">合成纤维中，除了聚酰胺纤维和聚丙烯腈纤维较易染色外，大多数合成纤维难于染色。这是因为，合成纤维分子结构中很少或没有可以与染料易于结合的官能团。合成纤维一般具有较高的取向度、结晶度或有致密的皮层结构，吸水性差，染料分子不易扩散进入纤维内部，因而合成纤维的染色较困难。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/9.2.jpg?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-13T02%3A41%3A14Z%2F-1%2F%2Fd2d0fdaaf22ad2952b712206f88af21ff174a5783f4b767341bbf6dc6f8e9434" style="width: 50%;" data-filename="" class=""><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(136, 136, 136); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纤维的化学组成与染色性能的关系</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">纤维的化学组成，即分子结构在很大程度上决定了它最适合采用的染料类型和染料在纤维中的扩散模式。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">在纤维的化学组成与染色性能的关系中，纤维的吸湿性起着重要的作用。一般来讲，亲水性纤维用水溶性染料染色，疏水性纤维适宜用非离子性染料染色，介于两者之间的纤维可用离子性染料和非离子性染料染色。染色过程主要涉及纤维对染料分子的吸附能力和染料分子在纤维中的扩散速度，这两者决定了纤维的染色速度，而且染料在纤维中的扩散速度是控制染色速度的关键因素。从染色条件和扩散活化能来看，染料在纤维上的扩散特点随纤维的吸湿性不同而有很大不同。棉、粘胶纤维、蚕丝等亲水性纤维在水中会发生比较大的溶胀，可用用相对分子质量较大的水溶性染料染色，染色温度一般也比较低，也就是说，染料在较低温度条件下便能扩散进入纤维内部，扩散活化能较低。聚酯、聚丙烯腈类的合成纤维的吸湿率很低，在水中很少溶胀，它们的上染需要在比较高的温度下进行，染料的扩散活化能比较高。</span></p>