<p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 41, 65); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span>异形纤维的概念</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><hr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 首先，我们需要了解下，什么是异形纤维。在合成纤维仿天然纤维的过程中，人们采用非圆形喷丝板，制取各种不同截面形状的纤维或中空纤维，以改善纤维的手感、回弹性、起球性、蓬松性、光泽等性能，这种纤维称为异形截面纤维，简称异形纤维。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 异形纤维按其截面形态可以分为三角形、三叶型、十字形、多角形、多叶形、中空纤维等几种类型。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 41, 65); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span>异形纤维的纺丝方法</span></p><hr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(216, 79, 169); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1. 直接法</span>：采用所要求的纤维截面形状相似的喷丝孔直接进行纺丝，得到异形纤维，是最普遍采用的方法。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(216, 79, 169); text-decoration-line: underline; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2. 膨化粘着法</span>：将喷丝孔制成相互靠近的圆形孔、弧形孔以及狭缝等，当纺丝时，由于纺丝细流的出口胀大效应而相互黏着形成异形纤维，中空纤维常采用该方法进行纺丝。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(216, 79, 169); text-decoration-line: underline; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3. 挤压法</span>：利用热塑性圆形截面初生纤维在后处理时进行挤压而变形，从而得到异形截面纤维。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(216, 79, 169); text-decoration-line: underline; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4. 复合法</span>：将两种或两种以上成纤高聚物制成复合纤维，再将复合纤维中的一个组分溶解除去或采用机械剥离的方法使各组分分离而得到异形或超细纤维，如将非黏合体熔体聚酯和聚酰胺制成复合纤维，再经剥离后可以制得多瓣型超细异形纤维。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 41, 65); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span>异形纤维的性能</span></p><hr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(216, 79, 169); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1. 光泽</span>：异形纤维最大的特征是其独特的光学效果。圆形截面纤维表面对光的反射强度与入射光的方向无光，异形纤维表面的反射强度却随着入射光的方向而变化。异形纤维的这种光学特点增强了纤维的光泽感，使人眼在不同方向、不同位置接受到不同的光学信息而产生良好的感官感受。利用异形纤维的这种性质可以制成具有真丝光泽的合纤织物。从反射性质来看，三角形、三叶形、四叶形截面纤维反射光强度较强，通常具有钻石般的光泽，而多叶形截面纤维光泽相对比较柔和、闪光小。异形纤维比圆形纤维仿真丝效果好。异形纤维截面形状与闪烁光泽强弱关系如下：</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(216, 79, 169); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">正三角形 &gt; 扁平形 &gt; 变形三角形 &gt; 豆形 &gt; 三叶形 &gt; 五叶形 &gt; 圆形 &gt; 圆形中空</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(216, 79, 169); text-decoration-line: underline; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2. 抗弯性和手感</span>：几种不同异形截面纤维织物和圆形纤维织物的抗弯性和耐磨牢度进行测定对比表明，三角形截面纤维织物具有比圆形截面纤维织物高得多的抗弯性和耐磨牢度，见表4-10.这表明纤维的适当异形化不仅改善了纤维的光泽效果，而且叶在很大程度上可以引起力学性质的变化，从而引起风格手感的改变，使异形纤维织物比同规格圆形织物更硬挺。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">天然纤维的截面形状是不规则的，纤维的粗细也很不均匀，加上天然纤维表面周围一般都有许多很细的皱纹存在，因此天然纤维具有风格良好的手感，显示出硬挺、丰满，或柔软、舒适等风格与质感。合成纤维异形化后，纤维有了类似于天然纤维的非圆形截面，因此手感方面也有所提高，消除了圆形纤维原有的蜡状手感，织物也更丰满、挺阔。而对中空纤维来讲，其硬挺度受纤维中空度的影响，在一定范围内，中空纤维的硬挺度随中空度的增大而增大。但中空度过大时，纤维壁会变薄，纤维也会变得容易挤瘪，压扁，而使硬挺度降低。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(216, 79, 169); text-decoration-line: underline; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3. 蓬松性与透气性</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：一般情况下，异形纤维的覆盖性、蓬松性要比普通合成纤维好，织物手感也更厚实、蓬松、丰满、质轻。异形纤维截面越复杂，或者纤维异形度越高，纤维及织物的蓬松性和透气性就越好。例如三角形和五角形聚酯纤维织物的蓬松度比圆形纤维织物高5%-8%。因此在织物单位面积质量相同的情况下，异形纤维织物就显得更厚实、更蓬松，保暖性和透气性也更好。同样，中空纤维也具有较好的蓬松性和保暖性。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(216, 79, 169); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4. 抗起球性很耐磨性</span>：普通合成纤维易起毛起球，且由于纤维强力高，摩擦产生的球粒不易脱落，球粒会越积越多，严重影响织物的外观和手感。纤维异形化后，由于纤维表面积增加，丝条内纤维间的抱合力增大，起毛起球现象大大减少。异形截面纤维会使纤维耐弯曲性下降，但中空纤维的耐磨次数和耐弯曲次数却明显提高，甚至提高2-3倍。圆形截面纤维起毛起球现象比扁平纤维严重。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(216, 79, 169); text-decoration-line: underline; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5. 染色性和防污性</span>：异形纤维由于表面积较大，上色速度加快，上染率明显增加。但由于异形化后纤维的反射光强度增大，从而使色泽的显色性降低，颜色深度变浅。因此对于异形纤维染色时，要想从外观上获得同样的深度，就必须比圆形纤维增加10%-20%的染料，这就使染色成本增加。由于异形截面纤维及其织物的透光性减少，因而织物上的污垢不易显露出来，从而提高了织物的耐污性。</p>