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2022-10-13 10:30:02
<p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">当纱线开始受到拉伸时,纤维本身的皱曲减少,伸直度提高,表现出初始阶段的伸长变形。这时,纱线截面开始收缩,增加了纱中外层纤维对内层纤维的压力。在传统方法纺成的细纱中,任以小段都是外层纤维的圆柱螺旋线长,内层纤维圆柱螺旋线短,中心纤维呈直线。因而外层纤维伸长多,张力大;内层纤维伸长少,张力小;中心纤维可能并未伸长,还被压缩着。所以各层纤维受力是不均匀的。而且细纱外层纤维螺旋角大,内层纤维螺旋角小,因而纤维张力在纱线轴向的有效分力,也是外层小于内层。所以,细纱在拉伸中,最容易断裂的是最外层的纤维。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 短纤维纺成的细纱,任以截面所握持的纤维,伸出长度(向纱轴两端方向)都有一个分布(这种分布就是须条分布曲线,即计数频率的二次累积曲线)。这些纤维中,向两端伸出都较长的纤维被纱中两端其它纤维抱合和握持,拉伸中在此截面上只会被拉断,不会滑脱。但沿此截面向一端伸出长度较短的纤维,当其伸出长度L<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0</span>上与周围纤维抱合摩擦的总切向阻力小于这根纤维的拉伸断裂强度,则沿细纱这一截面断裂时,这些纤维将被从纱中抽拔出来而不被拉断。因此,这些纤维承担的外力小于它的拉伸断裂强度。这种开始会被拔出的长度L<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0</span>,叫做“滑脱长度”。纱中长度小于2L<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0</span>的纤维,在中央截面上两端都处在被抽拔滑脱的状态,它们抵抗外力拉伸的作用就更小了。这种短纤维越多,细纱强度就越低。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 在细纱继续经受拉伸的过程中,纱中外层纤维,短的部分滑脱被抽拔,长纤维受到最紧张的拉伸。到一定程度后,外层纤维受力达到拉断强度时,外层纤维逐步断裂。这时,整根细纱中承担外力的纤维根数减少了(在纱的截面各层同心圆环中,最外层纤维根数最多,按规则模型计算,如果截面中纤维总数为100根,最外层就不少于30根),细纱上的总拉伸力将由较少的纤维根数分担,纱中由外向内的第二层纤维的张力将猛增。而且,纱中外层纤维断裂或滑脱后,最外层纤维对内层纤维的抱合压力解除,内层纤维之间的抱合力和摩擦力迅速减小,这就造成更多的纤维滑脱。未滑脱的纤维,随之将更快地增大张力,因而被拉断。如此,终至细纱完全解体。这样被拉断的细纱,断口是很不整齐的;由于大量纤维滑脱而抽拔出来,断口呈现松散的毛笔头似的形状。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 长纤维,特别是长丝捻成的细纱或捻度很高的短纤维细纱,纤维不易滑脱和拔出。这种纱在外层纤维被拉断后逐次使向内各层纤维分担的张力猛增,因而被拉断。这时在外层纤维断裂最多的截面上,迅速向内扩展断裂口,终至全部纤维断裂。在这种情况下,被拉断细纱的断口是比较整齐的。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 用不同性能的短纤维混纺的细纱,拉断过程还受其它因素的支配。当混纺原料各组分拉伸断裂伸长能力不同时,必然是断裂伸长能力小的纤维分担较多的拉伸力,而断裂伸长能力大的纤维分担较少的拉伸力。在前一种组分的纤维被拉断后,后一种组分的纤维才主要承担外力的作用。因而,混纺纱的强度总比其组分中性能好的那种纤维的纯纺纱的强度低。当两种纤维混纺时,若两种纤维的强度相差不大而伸长能力有较大差异时,由于分阶段被拉伸断裂,成纱强度随混纺比变化的曲线将出现有极低值的下凹形。如果两种纤维的伸长能力差异不大而强度差异较大时,则曲线呈现渐升(或渐降)的形状。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 如前所述,膨体纱是利用两中热收缩性相差很大的纤维混纺后进行热收缩,使细纱中热收缩性大的纤维充分回缩,同时迫使热收缩性小的纤维沿轴向压缩皱曲而呈现膨体特性。因此,膨体纱中负担外力的纤维根数较少,而且各种纤维的张力很不均匀。在膨体纱开始被拉伸时,只有一部分纤维承担外力,其它纤维皱曲松弛着。当前一种纤维被拉断后,后一种纤维才伸直并承担拉伸力,直至最后被拉断。因此,膨体纱的拉伸断裂强度比传统纱小,而断裂伸长率则较大。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 变形纱和弹力丝都是依靠各种定型方法,使每根纤维呈螺旋弹簧形的空间皱曲曲线,因此有很高的断裂伸长率,甚至在开始拉伸的相当一段过程中,实际上是在拉伸力很小的条件下使纤维逐步伸直的。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 41, 65); font-size: 20px; background-color: rgb(165, 200, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><以下图片请点击放大阅读></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/8.1.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-13T02%3A29%3A42Z%2F-1%2F%2Ffd802392b51548b0a78abc520380240717038004dee40e93ff46262b731e8855" style="width: 50%;" data-filename=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 41, 65); font-size: 20px; background-color: rgb(165, 200, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/8.2.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-13T02%3A29%3A55Z%2F-1%2F%2Fcd160e626442c7b717a2ee7d5f8127f065931c5ac604feb01679b6f41d1740e7" style="width: 50%;" data-filename=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 41, 65); font-size: 20px; background-color: rgb(165, 200, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></p>