<section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86005" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: normal; overflow: auto; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.45; border-radius: 3px; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); visibility: visible;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 41, 65); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">知道原理其实很简单：</span></strong></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">涤纶针织物经高温高压染色后，由于坯布在织造时含油量大，纤维与染料分子的凝聚产生的低聚物，造成色渍问题，严重影响了产品的质量。为了控制该问题的发生，进行了色渍的分析探讨和研究，找到了控制问题的具体方法，提出预防措施，提高了产品质量，增加公司的经济效益。</span></p></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section><section data-role="paragraph" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85636" data-color="rgb(216, 40, 33)" data-custom="rgb(216, 40, 33)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-radius: 0px 5px 5px 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 8px 0px -8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(254, 254, 254); float: left; font-style: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; background-color: transparent; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-radius: 0px 0.5em 0.5em 0px; display: inline-block; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong data-brushtype="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">涤纶针织物：</strong></span></section></section><section data-style="box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 25.6000003814697px; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244);" style="margin: 0px; padding: 15px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: inherit; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 25.6px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">涤纶属于疏水性纤维，纤维缺乏能与染料发生结合的基团，不能使用水溶性染料染色，只能使用分子量小、不含强离子性水溶性基团、溶解度较低的非离子分散染料染色。涤纶结构紧密，常压沸染，染料难以扩散进入纤维内部把纤维染透，因此运用高温高压染色。</span></p></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="45865" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0.8em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; float: left; min-width: 32px; height: 32px; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: table; width: 44px; color: inherit; border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(254, 254, 254); border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-original-title="" title="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(198, 198, 199); font-size: 50px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span></section><section style="margin: 5px 0px 0px -6px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 18px; height: 70px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(198, 198, 199); transform: rotate(35deg); background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 18px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 30px; color: rgb(115, 115, 115); border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-brushtype="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">分散染料染色</span></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.分散染料是<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在高温有压力的湿热状态</strong></span>下进行。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.该染料是以颗粒状态多个单晶体分子通过分散剂分散在水溶液中，它在100℃以内上染速率很慢，即使在沸腾的染浴中染色，上染速率和上染百分率也不高，所以<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">必须加压在2atm(2.02×105Pa)以下，染浴温度可提高到120～130℃</strong></span>，由于温度提高，纤维分子的链段剧烈运动，产生的瞬时孔隙也越多和越大，此时染料分子的扩散也增快，增加了染料向纤维内部的扩散速率，使染色速率加快，直至染料被吸尽而完成染色。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.由于分散染料在水中溶解度很低，染液中的染料<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">需通过大量的分散剂呈悬浮体分散于染浴中在对涤纶纤维染色时。</strong></span>为了要达到较好的染色效果。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4.为了要达到较好的染色效果，通常需加入一定量的染色助剂这些染色助剂在染色过程中的作用主要：</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">增加分散染料的溶解度、促进分散染料对纤维表面的吸附、对纤维进行增塑或提高溶胀程度、加快分散染料在纤维中的扩散速度、提高染料的分散稳定性。</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5.一般涤纶纤维高温高压染色中应用的助剂含有对纤维增塑的载体、对分散染料增溶或使染料悬浮体稳定的表面活性剂等染色助剂对涤纶纤维染色具有十分重要的作用。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="45865" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0.8em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; float: left; min-width: 32px; height: 32px; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: table; width: 44px; color: inherit; border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(254, 254, 254); border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-original-title="" title="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(198, 198, 199); font-size: 50px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span></section><section style="margin: 5px 0px 0px -6px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 18px; height: 70px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(198, 198, 199); transform: rotate(35deg); background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 18px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 30px; color: rgb(115, 115, 115); border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-brushtype="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">色渍（色点）的类型</span></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="41173" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-bottom: 1.5px solid rgb(170, 166, 149); border-top-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-right-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-left-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-original-title="" placeholder="1" title="" style="margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; padding: 4px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; float: left; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><strong data-brushtype="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); color: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">色渍</strong></p></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">和染的颜色一样，深一些，印子一样的东西，大部分有正反面，有的时候色渍上面还沾有脏的东西，可以抠掉。此类色点、色渍占总量的60％以上。大部分出现的没有规律，大小从绿豆至黄豆大小，但是严重的时候有指甲盖大。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="41173" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-bottom: 1.5px solid rgb(170, 166, 149); border-top-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-right-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-left-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-original-title="" placeholder="1" title="" style="margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; padding: 4px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; float: left; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><strong data-brushtype="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); color: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">黑点</strong></p></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">主要集中在棕色，包括浅棕、浅米黄、咖啡、深棕的颜色，为黑色的芝麻大小的小色点，好像黑色的油性笔在布上点了一下一样。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="41173" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-bottom: 1.5px solid rgb(170, 166, 149); border-top-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-right-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-left-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-original-title="" placeholder="1" title="" style="margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; padding: 4px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; float: left; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span><strong data-brushtype="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); color: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">所染颜色的色点</strong></p></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其比第一种情况的色点要深，且不大，有的时候可以抠掉，一般一缸布的两头要多，中间少。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">此三类为染缸出布时就可以发现的。出来了轻微的用修补剂修色，严重的改黑。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="41173" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-bottom: 1.5px solid rgb(170, 166, 149); border-top-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-right-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-left-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-original-title="" placeholder="1" title="" style="margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; padding: 4px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; float: left; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span><strong data-brushtype="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); color: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">散布性色点</strong></p></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">还有一种是黑色的金黄点，黑色的金黄点出布时没有，布经烘干机烘干以后有金黄色色点，此类黄点用碱+去油剂可以去除。尤其是改黑的时候更容易出现，呈现在布面上散布性的。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="45865" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0.8em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; float: left; min-width: 32px; height: 32px; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: table; width: 44px; color: inherit; border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(254, 254, 254); border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-original-title="" title="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(198, 198, 199); font-size: 50px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span></section><section style="margin: 5px 0px 0px -6px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 18px; height: 70px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(198, 198, 199); transform: rotate(35deg); background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 18px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 30px; color: rgb(115, 115, 115); border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-brushtype="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">色渍形成原因</span></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="41173" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-bottom: 1.5px solid rgb(170, 166, 149); border-top-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-right-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-left-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-original-title="" placeholder="1" title="" style="margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; padding: 4px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; float: left; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><strong data-brushtype="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); color: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">助剂的选择</strong></p></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;膨化剂的乳化稳定性不好，在高温有油状物析出，染料凝聚出现色点。织物上有油污没有处理干净，染色时遇到膨化剂又游离出来，凝聚染料。建议加入耐高温分散剂。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="41173" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-bottom: 1.5px solid rgb(170, 166, 149); border-top-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-right-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-left-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-original-title="" placeholder="1" title="" style="margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; padding: 4px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; float: left; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><strong data-brushtype="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); color: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">化料不匀和消泡剂经高温生成油点后产生</strong></p></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">染料未化匀、未过滤直接进染机；坯布在染缸里温度达到80℃时起泡沫吊布，运用消泡剂操作温度过高产生。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="41173" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-bottom: 1.5px solid rgb(170, 166, 149); border-top-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-right-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); border-left-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-original-title="" placeholder="1" title="" style="margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; padding: 4px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; float: left; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span><strong data-brushtype="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(170, 166, 149); color: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">染色升温速度控制不当</strong></p></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">有些染料的分散性不好，染色升温控制不当、过快会造成染料点；</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">分散剂或彭化剂不耐高温造成染料产生二次离集形成染料点；</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">助剂加料时部分有要求需单独化稀加入(含固量高)，未按要求操作产生悬浮点同染料结合成染料点；</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">有些色点很小呈现点状分布且只有仔细观察才能发现，并且不同于染布色光的．那是因为染料本身含有不溶性物质造成的，这些染料在制造过程中分散性被破坏无法进入纤维内部．这种情况多数发生在浅色系或艳色系；</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">红色染料的扩散效果可能不好，需要加如扩散剂来解决。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果染色单加匀染剂，不加分散剂，那么其分散性就不够，染料就聚集，色点就产生。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="45865" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0.8em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; float: left; min-width: 32px; height: 32px; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: table; width: 44px; color: inherit; border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(254, 254, 254); border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-original-title="" title="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(198, 198, 199); font-size: 50px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span></section><section style="margin: 5px 0px 0px -6px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 18px; height: 70px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(198, 198, 199); transform: rotate(35deg); background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 18px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 30px; color: rgb(115, 115, 115); border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-brushtype="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">预防和处理方法</span></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88949" data-color="rgb(216, 40, 33)" data-custom="rgb(216, 40, 33)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p data-brushtype="text" style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">前处理</p></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-top: 2px dotted rgb(216, 40, 33); width: 85.6406px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">染前处理对天然纤维而言主要是去除其共生物。</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对涤纶等合成纤维来说则是去除其人为的后加“杂质”包括纺丝或织造过程中加入的油剂以及沾污的油垢、灰尘、色素等。其中，最值得注意的是油剂。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">油剂中含有润滑剂、乳化剂、抗静电剂等。施加油剂对涤纶等合成纤维的纺丝、织造是必要的。但在染整加工时必须将油剂洗除，倘若染前不洗涤，带着这些油剂染色，油剂会在涤纶表面形成一层“阻染膜”，妨碍染料向纤维内部均匀扩散、渗透。因而，容易造成上色不匀，产生色花、色斑等染疵。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">而且，还会使浮色增加，影响色牢度。如果染前处理工艺不到位，纤维上的油剂去除不匀，就可能产生云状色花；如果在染色过程中，染液中的染料分散稳定性差，出现凝聚现象，这些油剂又会与染料的聚集体结合，沾附染色物而产生色斑。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">应对措施：加强染前净化处理</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在染色前，先将涤纶染色物在淡碱液中(必要时可加入适量耐高温、不起泡的表面活性剂)于85℃处理20 min(注意，’碱浓不可太高，以免涤纶水解)。排液后清洗一次，必要时经酸中和，然后再实施染色。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">目的有两个：</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.将纤维中的低聚物，大部份萃取出来，并在溶解状态下排出机外，这样可以显著减少染浴中低聚物的含量；</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.将纺丝或织造过程中施加在纤维或织物上的油剂以及沾污的油垢、灰尘、色素、花衣等去除。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87_20221010204755.jpg?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-10T12%3A48%3A44Z%2F-1%2F%2F678853e73f78589c632c1a6895eb486066985f8e7c2393de4a004d70baca0fd1" style="width: 25%;" data-filename=""><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88949" data-color="rgb(216, 40, 33)" data-custom="rgb(216, 40, 33)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p data-brushtype="text" style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">染料选用</p></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-top: 2px dotted rgb(216, 40, 33); width: 104.188px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">分散染料不含磺酸基(-S03Na)、羧酸基(-COONa)等亲水性基团，只含部分羟基、氨基、乙醇基、偶氮基、取代氨基等极性基团，因此亲水性很差，几乎不溶于水。只能借助于阴离子分散剂将染料微粒包复后，分散在水中。然而，在100℃以上高温和染液快速流动双重因素的作用下，分散剂分子与染料微粒之间的“包复能”会降低。如果所包复的染料微粒游离出来，就会重新聚集成更大的染料颗粒。这种现象即为分散染料的“高温凝聚性”不同结构的分散染料，其热凝聚现象不同。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 41, 65); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">大体可分三种：</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><blockquote style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 4px 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(219, 219, 219); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); font-size: 15px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1．为不易发生热凝聚。这类染料不会因升温、降温或相互碰撞而凝聚。使用这样的染料染色一般不会造成染色不匀或色斑色渍；</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2．为容易发生热凝聚但随着染料分子向纤维内部扩散，染料的聚集体会再度解聚，只要染料在纤维表面吸附均匀，一般就不会造成色花、色渍；</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3．为容易发生热凝聚，而且在染色过程中，又难以解聚。使用这类染料染色时，特别是当使用的分散剂或匀染剂高温分散能力较差时，就很容易由于染料的热凝聚而造成色泽不匀。甚至由于染料聚集体与染液中的低聚物、油剂、纤维屑等杂质相结合而产生焦油化物由于高温高压染色的方式对染液具有很强的过滤性，对染液的分散均匀性要求很高。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">应对措施：选用热凝聚性小的分散染料。</span></p></blockquote><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88949" data-color="rgb(216, 40, 33)" data-custom="rgb(216, 40, 33)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p data-brushtype="text" style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">升温速度</p></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-top: 2px dotted rgb(216, 40, 33); width: 104.188px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">高温高压染色通常分为四步：</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">a．染色物先在高温分散剂和醋酸一醋酸钠组成的缓冲浴中运行，使之浸透走匀并排除染色物中的空气，同时开始升温；</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">b．将染料用搅拌机充分打匀搅透，制成染料分散液，并在50～60℃时加入；</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">c．以1～2℃／min的速率升温至l35℃，并保温染色30 min；</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">d．以2．5℃／min的速率降温，水洗，必要时做还原清洗但升温速率不宜太快，否则很容易造成染料上色不匀而色花，尤其是染中浅色泽以及增白时(内加分散红或分散蓝2BLN等上蓝剂)，色花染疵最容易发</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这是因为分散染料上染速率的快慢与染色温度的高低成正比的缘故。染色温度提高，涤纶的膨化速度与染料的上色速度都会显著加快。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="https://dayaotex-edu.fsh.bcebos.com/v1/dayaotex-edu/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87_20221010204808.jpg?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F59b7a26546d74b64bfd056b483465817%2F2022-10-10T12%3A49%3A27Z%2F-1%2F%2Fb165ed63c150001d7406a46e6953463d7b06829999148be67e50c4783c8742da" style="width: 25%;" data-filename=""><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">根据经验，升温速率的快慢，与以下几方面有关：</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">a．与所用染料匀染性的好坏有关，匀染性好的，可快些，差的则要慢些。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">b．与染色深度有关，染深色时可快些，染浅色时则要慢些。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">c．与涤纶的耐热性能有关。涤纶的玻璃化温度为67～81℃，85℃下涤纶的微结构呈玻璃态，吸色很慢，故升温可快些；90～1 10℃，涤纶快速溶胀，吸色能力显著增强，故升温要慢些；110～l35℃，由于染液中染料已少，故升温又可快些。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">d．与染液的循环状态有关，倘若染液的压力大、穿透力强，染液能与纤维快速紧密接触，则升温可快些，否则要慢些。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">应对措施</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">要正确控制升温速度，当染色温度在85℃以下时，染料很少上染，可直接升温。90～110℃是上染速度增加最快的温度区域，需要严格控制升温速度在l℃／min以下。115～135℃范围内可稍快点，但需要将升温速度控制在3℃／min左右。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88949" data-color="rgb(216, 40, 33)" data-custom="rgb(216, 40, 33)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p data-brushtype="text" style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">染液的循环状态</p></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-top: 2px dotted rgb(216, 40, 33); width: 159.813px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">针织物在染色过程就是染液的穿透过程。</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">因此，对染液的循环状态要求较高。染液必须具有强劲的穿透力，这是实现均匀染色的前提，如果循环泵的力度不够或者对阀门的掌握不当，就会使染液穿透染色物的流量、流速不足而且不匀。显然，这很容易产生色差色花，特别是在升温阶段。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">应对措施：</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">染液的循环状态一定要好必须确保染液流量和压力要大因为染液的流量大、压力大，有利于染液穿透、匀染。为此，要认真选择和使用循环泵。泵的流量应为</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">25～60 L／(kg·min)。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88949" data-color="rgb(216, 40, 33)" data-custom="rgb(216, 40, 33)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p data-brushtype="text" style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">染缸的清洁检查</p></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-top: 2px dotted rgb(216, 40, 33); width: 159.813px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">分散染料常因在高温缸里反复的加热和冷却，容易发生再结晶现象，该结晶体沾附在缸壁和过滤网罩上，造成染色物摩擦牢度差，甚至使高温高压染机的过滤器堵塞。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">预防措施：</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">a．染缸每月一次用高压水枪冲洗缸壁残留物，过滤器每间隔24 h必须拆洗网罩；</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">b．染缸的染色次数需平衡，在染浴中如产生再结晶低聚物，必须加入较多的分散剂。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: medium; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;由于染色过程是一个动态的、复杂多变的过程，受多种因素(如工艺、设备、操作、水、电、汽等)的影响，故在生产的过程中，要密切注意各种因素的影响，严格操作工艺。</span></p></section>