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2022-09-02 08:48:30
<section data-role="outer" class="article135" label="edit by 135editor"><section style="margin: 1em auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 533.75px; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; height: auto; box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 0em 0em 0.8em; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: -1em auto 0px; padding: 1em 0.5em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: auto; height: auto; overflow: hidden; border-top: 0.1em dashed rgb(239, 48, 63); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蒽醌，各种染料的重要中间体之一，特别是鲜艳的蓝色系和红色系染料的中间体</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><section data-id="85816" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section label="Copyright © 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 10px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 30px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一、蒽醌概述</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-align: center; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="center"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="left"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; caret-color: red;">蒽醌是指在C9，C10位具有羰基的蒽类化合物，属稠环有机化合物，又称9，10-蒽酮、9，10-蒽醌。</span><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" draggable="true" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1835年Laurent用硝酸氧化蒽，首次制得蒽醌。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蒽醌的衍生物都是有颜色的</span>，在自然界广泛存在，天然产物中大多数的蒽醌类化合物都含有羟基，常以游离状态或与糖结合成甙的状态存在。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如植物染料<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">茜草</span>，其所含的茜根素和羟基茜素等就是蒽醌类化合物。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">从理论上讲，蒽醌可能有10种异构体。目前，制得的较为稳定的只有1，2-蒽酯、1，4-蒽醌和9，10-蒽醌3种，通常所指蒽醌即为<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">9，10-蒽醌。</strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蒽醌的还原性较特殊，在连二亚硫酸钠（保险粉）的碱溶液中被还原为9，10-二羟基蒽醌钠盐。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（因此，蒽醌系染料的拔色较偶氮类的染料要难。）</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><section data-id="85816" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section label="Copyright © 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 10px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 30px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二、蒽醌的生产工艺</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蒽醌常见的生产工艺有如下四种：</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1、蒽气相催化氧化法</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蒽氧化法是以精蒽为原料，以空气作氧化剂，五氧化二钒为催化剂，进行气相催化氧化，反应器有固定床和硫化床两种类型。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2、苯酐法 </span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">以苯酐、苯为原料，以三氯化铝为催化剂，进行付-克（Friedel-Crafts）反应，然后用浓硫酸脱水生成蒽醌。苯酐法又分为溶剂法、球磨法和气相缩合法。中国大多采用溶剂法，即以过量的苯为溶剂。此法原料易得，可以从石油做起，具有反应温度低、设备简单、副反应少等优点。缺点是污染严重，三氯化铝废酸水不易处理，而且生产成本高。中国合成蒽醌均采用苯酐法。原料消耗定额：苯酐768kg/t、纯苯700kg/t、硫酸（98%）1364kg/t、三氯化铝1554kg/t、发烟硫酸1000kg/t。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3、萘醌法</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">以萘醌和丁二烯为原料，以氯化亚铜为催化剂，进行缩合反应、脱氢后得蒽醌。由于石油化工的飞速发展，提供了此法所用的大量原料丁二烯和萘醌。该法具有消耗低、三废少等优点，在日本和美国萘醌法已达到相当规模，有发展前途。日本川崎公司使用此法生产。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4、苯乙烯法</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">由苯乙烯先进行二聚反应，然后氧化成邻苯酰基苯甲酸，再环合成蒽醌。该方法的优点是原料易得，没有苯酐法的铝盐废水引起的公害问题，产品成本较低。但反应条件较苛刻，技术复杂，设备要求高，是德国BASF研究的工艺。此外，日本三井化学公司获得了以甲苯为原料制备蒽醌的专利。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><section data-id="85816" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section label="Copyright © 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px 10px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 30px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">三、蒽醌系染料</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蒽醌系分散染料、酸性染料、还原染料、活性染料等，已发展成为色谱全、性能好的染料类别。蒽醌染料已有400多个品种，在合成染料领域中占有很重要的地位。下面以四种蓝色系染料为例，介绍下蒽醌系染料的鲜艳所在：</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1、蒽醌系分散染料</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蒽醌分散染料是具有蒽醌结构的分散染料。在蒽醌核上的α-位为氨基或羟基者占大多数。蒽醌染料均难溶于水。吸光系数为 10000～25000左右，是偶氮染料的1/2～1/3，<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">所以对纤维的着色力从根本上讲较偶氮染料差</strong></span>。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">优点：</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在高浓度染色的海军蓝及黑色范围内，很少采用蒽醌染料；但<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蒽醌分散染料色泽鲜艳</span></strong>，所以多用于红色、黄色或蓝色的染色。从蒽醌分散染料的显色结构来看，染色时不受水解性、还原作用的影响，所以<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">耐光坚牢度好、化学稳定性好</span></strong>、使用方便，仍占有很重要的地位，在分散染料中约占20%。染色时，以<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">木素磺酸及β-萘磺酸的福尔马林缩合物为分散剂</span></strong>，同时进行微粒化，分散于水浴中与纤维一起进行热处理。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><br></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">缺点：</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" align="justify"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蒽醌分散染料有一</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">缺点</strong></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，是其他染料所没有的，可以被大气中的氮氧化物及硫氧化物作用而褪色，即<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">气体褪色</span></strong>现象。这种现象与α-位氨基的碱性有关。为克服这一缺点，可用芳基氨代替烷基氨，并引入卤原子、氰基和硝基等亲电子基，例如美国 Eastman公司研制的染料C.I.分散蓝27。</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph"><p><br></p></section></section>